Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/266)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

and because it would entail that man is a partner with Allah(1); and because of His saying, Exalted is He:

“Allah created you and what you make.”

[Sūrat al-Sāffāt: 96].’

He said:(2) ‘The response to the first is to counter it by invoking Allah Most High, for He, Exalted is He,(3) is all-powerful. If power required a determining factor, and that determining factor necessarily produced its effect, it would follow that Allah(4) acts by necessity rather than by choice, which would entail(5) disbelief.

The response to the second(6) is: What partnership is there here, when Allah has the power to subdue the servant and destroy him? This is like(7) a ruler who appoints someone to govern part of his realm,(8) whereupon that person plunders, acts unjustly, and subjugates the people.(9) The ruler remains able(10) to execute him, exact retribution from him, and recover what he took,(11) yet he does not(12) thereby become the ruler’s partner.

The response to the third(13) is that this refers to the idols which they used to carve and worship. He therefore condemned them, saying:

“Do you worship what you carve, when Allah created you and what you make?”

[Sūrat al-Sāffāt: 95–96].’”

(1) Manuscripts (N) and (M): “a partner”; manuscript (K): “a partner with Allah Most High.” (2) Immediately after the preceding passage in manuscript (K), p. 91 (M), p. 92 (M). (3) “Most High” is absent from manuscript (K). (4) Manuscript (K): “Allah Most High.” (5) Manuscripts (N) and (M): “thus it follows.” (6) Manuscript (K): “And the response to the second.” (7) In manuscript (K), this appears on p. 92; manuscript (M): “And an example.” (8) Manuscript (‘A): “This is like when a ruler appoints someone to govern part of the realm.” (9) Manuscript (K): “and he subjugates and acts unjustly.” (10) Manuscript (K): “is able.” (11) Manuscripts (N), (M), and (‘A): “what he took.” (12) Manuscript (K): “so he is not.” (13) Manuscript (K): “And the response to the third.”

وَلِأَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِنْسَانُ شَرِيكًا لِلَّهِ (١) ؛ وَلِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ} [سُورَةُ الصَّافَّاتِ: ٩٦] . قَالَ: (٢) وَالْجَوَابُ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ الْمُعَارَضَةُ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَإِنَّهُ تَعَالَى (٣) قَادِرٌ، فَإِنِ افْتَقَرَتِ الْقُدْرَةُ إِلَى الْمُرَجِّحِ، وَكَانَ الْمُرَجِّحُ مُوجِبًا لِلْأَثَرِ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ (٤) مُوجَبًا لَا مُخْتَارًا، فَيَلْزَمُ (٥) الْكُفْرُ. وَالْجَوَابُ عَنِ الثَّانِي (٦) : أَيُّ شَرِكَةٍ هُنَا وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْقَادِرُ عَلَى قَهْرِ الْعَبْدِ وَإِعْدَامِهِ، وَمِثْلُ (٧) هَذَا أَنَّ السُّلْطَانَ إِذَا وَلَّى شَخْصًا بَعْضَ الْبِلَادِ (٨) فَنَهْبَ وَظَلَمَ وَقَهَرَ (٩) فَإِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ مُتَمَكِّنٌ (١٠) مِنْ قَتْلِهِ وَالِانْتِقَامِ مِنْهُ وَاسْتِعَادَةِ مَا أَخَذَهُ (١١) ، وَلَيْسَ (١٢) يَكُونُ شَرِيكًا لِلسُّلْطَانِ. وَالْجَوَابُ عَنِ الثَّالِثِ (١٣) أَنَّهُ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى الْأَصْنَامِ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَنْحِتُونَهَا وَيَعْبُدُونَهَا، فَأَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ: {أَتَعْبُدُونَ مَا تَنْحِتُونَ - وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ} [سُورَةُ الصَّافَّاتِ: ٩٥، ٩٦] .

(١) ن، م: شَرِيكًا، ك: شَرِيكًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى. (٢) بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ السَّابِقِ مُبَاشَرَةً فِي (ك) ، ص ٩١ (م) ، ٩٢ (م) . (٣) تَعَالَى: لَيْسَتْ فِي (ك) . (٤) ك: اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. (٥) ن، م: فَلَزِمَ. (٦) ك: وَعَنِ الثَّانِي. (٧) ك: ص ٩٢ م: وَمِثَالُ. (٨) ع: وَمِثْلُ هَذَا إِذَا وَلَّى السُّلْطَانُ شَخْصًا بِبَعْضِ الْبِلَادِ. (٩) ك: وَقَهَرَ وَظَلَمَ. (١٠) ك: يَتَمَكَّنُ. (١١) ن، م، ع: مَا أَخَذَ. (١٢) ك: فَلَيْسَ. (١٣) ك: وَعَنِ الثَّالِثِ.