Deterrence is not directed at what has already occurred and was willed; rather, it is punishment for the past and deterrence for the future. If the deterrence brought about by His will achieves its intended aim (1), the act from which one is deterred does not occur, and He therefore did not will it. Thus, only the deterrence is willed. But if its aim is not achieved, it was not complete deterrence. Rather, what is willed is the act of the person who deters (2) and the act of the other person—just as it may be willed that one man strike another with this sword (3) and that the latter remain alive, or that a dangerous illness (4), which may cause death, occur while life is also willed.

Willing (5) a cause does not entail willing its effect unless it is a complete and necessitating cause. (6) Deterrence is a cause of being deterred and refraining, just like all other causes. Similarly, a dangerous illness is a cause of death, while commanding an act and encouraging it are a cause of its occurrence. The effect (7) may or may not occur. If it occurs, both cause and effect are willed; otherwise, only what actually occurs is willed (8).

The fifth aspect is that, as stated earlier, will is of two kinds:

One means His volition concerning what He creates; this encompasses (9) everything that comes into being, but not what does not occur (10). The other means His love for what He has commanded, and this applies (11) only to acts of obedience. Since this is so, whatever