His creation of such a person is possible, even though He distinguished him from the truthful person, then He likewise created the liar together with his lying (1).

Third: If He creates someone who falsely claims to be a prophet, and they say, “It is possible for Him to manifest the signs of truthfulness through him,” this claim is inadmissible and false by agreement. If they say, “That is not possible,” then the mere claim to prophethood, with no basis for knowing the claimant to be truthful, would cause no harm (2). If someone were to claim to be a physician or a craftsman (3), without any evidence of his truthfulness, no attention would be paid to him; then how could any attention be paid to a claimant (4) to prophethood?

If they say: (5) “Since you deem it possible for Him to create lying in a liar, you must also deem it possible for Him to manifest at his hands the signs of truthfulness,” the answer is: This is impossible, for proofs of truthfulness necessarily entail truthfulness, since a proof necessarily entails what it proves. Thus, manifesting signs of truthfulness at [the hand of] a liar (6) is intrinsically impossible and can never occur.

If they say, “Then you should allow an extraordinary occurrence to appear at his hands,” we reply: Yes. We (7) do allow an extraordinary occurrence to appear at [the hand of one] who claims (8)