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divine decree, who affirm the caliphate of the caliphs and give precedence to Abū Bakr, Umar, and Uthmān. They likewise affirm purposiveness *) (1) and wisdom. Many followers of [Mālik] (2), al-Shāfi'ī, and Ahmad also affirm purposiveness and wisdom, as well as the [rational] determination of good and evil (3). These include Abū Bakr al-Qaffāl (4), Abū Alī ibn Abī Hurayra (5), and other followers of al-Shāfi'ī, as well as Abū al-Hasan al-Tamīmī (6) and Abū al-Khattāb (7), who were followers of Ahmad.
In general, the dispute concerning purposiveness in Allah’s acts and rulings has no connection whatsoever to the imamate. Most of Ahl al-Sunnah affirm wisdom and purposiveness.
However, those among Ahl al-Sunnah (8) who denied this advanced two arguments:
(1) The text between the two asterisks is omitted only from M.
(2) “Mālik” is omitted from N and M.
(3) “Rational” is omitted from N and M.
(4) He was Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Alī ibn Ismāīl al-Qaffāl al-Shāshī, who died in 365 AH. See Ibn Khallikān, 3/338–339; Ibn Asākir, *Tabyīn Kadhib al-Muftarī*, 182–183.
(5) He was Abū Alī al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn Abī Hurayra, who died in 345 AH. See Ibn Khallikān, 1/358; *al-Alām*, 2/202.
(6) N and M read: “and al-Tamīmī.” He was Abū al-Hasan Abd al-Azīz ibn al-Hārith ibn Asad al-Tamīmī, one of the Hanbali jurists. He was born in 317 AH and died in 371 AH. See his biography in *Tabaqāt al-Hanābila*, 2/139; Ibn al-Jawzī, *al-Muntazam*, 7/110; *al-Alām*, 4/139.
(7) N and M read: “and Ibn al-Khattāb,” which is an error. He was Abū al-Khattāb Mahfūz ibn Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalwadhānī, the leading Hanbali scholar of his time. He was born in Baghdad in 432 AH and died there in 510 AH. His works include *al-Tamhīd fī Usūl al-Fiqh*. See his biography in *Tabaqāt al-Hanābila*, 2/258; Ibn Rajab, *al-Dhayl*, 1/116–127; *Shadharāt al-Dhahab*, 4/27–28; *al-Alām*, 6/178. See also *Dar Taārud al-Aql wa-al-Naql*, 9–62.
(8) The phrase “among Ahl al-Sunnah” is omitted from A and B.
بِالْقَدَرِ الْمُثْبِتِينَ لِخِلَافَةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْمُفَضِّلِينَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَهُمْ أَيْضًا يَقُولُونَ بِالتَّعْلِيلِ *)
(١)
، وَالْحِكْمَةِ، وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ
[مَالِكٍ]
(٢)
، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ يَقُولُونَ بِالتَّعْلِيلِ، وَالْحِكْمَةِ، وَبِالتَّحْسِينِ وَالتَّقْبِيحِ
[الْعَقْلِيَّيْنِ]
(٣)
كَأَبِي بَكْرٍ الْقَفَّالِ
(٤)
، وَأَبِي عَلِيٍّ ابْنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ
(٥)
، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَبِي الْحَسَنِ التَّمِيمِيِّ
(٦)
، وَأَبِي الْخَطَّابِ
(٧)
مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَحْمَدَ.
وَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ النِّزَاعُ فِي تَعْلِيلِ أَفْعَالِ اللَّهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ مَسْأَلَةٌ لَا تَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْإِمَامَةِ أَصْلًا. وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ عَلَى إِثْبَاتِ الْحِكْمَةِ وَالتَّعْلِيلِ.
وَلَكِنِ الَّذِينَ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ
(٨)
احْتَجُّوا بِحُجَّتَيْنِ:
(١) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (م) فَقَطْ.
(٢) مَالِكٍ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٣) الْعَقْلِيَّيْنِ سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٤) هُوَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْقَفَّالُ الشَّاشِيُّ الْمُتَوَفَّى سَنَةَ ٣٦٥ هـ. انْظُرِ ابْنَ خِلِّكَانَ ٣/٣٣٨ - ٣٣٩ ; تَبْيِينَ كَذِبِ الْمُفْتَرِي لِابْنِ عَسَاكِرَ ١٨٢، ١٨٣.
(٥) هُوَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى سَنَةَ ٣٤٥. انْظُرِ ابْنَ خِلِّكَانَ ١/٣٥٨ ; الْأَعْلَامَ ٢/٢٠٢.
(٦) ن، م: وَالتَّمِيمِيِّ. وَهُوَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ، مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ٣١٧ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٣٧١. انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي طَبَقَاتِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ ٢/١٣٩ ; الْمُنْتَظِمِ لِابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ ٧/١١٠ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ٤/١٣٩.
(٧) ن، م: وَابْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. وَهُوَ أَبُو الْخَطَّابِ مَحْفُوظُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكَلْوَذَانِيُّ، إِمَامُ الْحَنَابِلَةِ فِي عَصْرِهِ، وُلِدَ بِبَغْدَادَ سَنَةَ ٤٣٢ وَتُوُفِّيَ بِهَا سَنَةَ ٥١٠. مِنْ كُتُبِهِ التَّمْهِيدُ فِي أُصُولِ الْفِقْهِ. انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: طَبَقَاتِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ ٢/٢٥٨ ; الذَّيْلِ لِابْنِ رَجَبٍ ١/١١٦ - ١٢٧ ; شَذَرَاتِ الذَّهَبِ ٤/٢٧ - ٢٨ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ٦/١٧٨. وَانْظُرْ: دَرْءَ تَعَارُضِ الْعَقْلِ وَالنَّقْلِ ٩
- ٦٢.
(٨) عِبَارَةُ " مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ " سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .