Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (1/16)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

for Allah (1), as He, exalted, says:

{O you who believe, stand firm for justice as witnesses for Allah, even against yourselves, your parents, or close relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah has a greater claim over both. Do not follow desire and thereby deviate from justice. If you distort your testimony or turn away, Allah is indeed fully aware of what you do.}

[Surah al-Nisā’: 135]

Distortion (2) means altering testimony, [whereas turning away means concealing it. Allah, exalted,] has commanded truthfulness and clarity, and He has forbidden lying and concealment concerning what needs [to be known and made manifest, as the Prophet] (3)—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said in the hadith agreed upon by al-Bukhārī and Muslim:

(“The buyer and seller retain the right of option so long as they have not parted. If they speak truthfully and make matters clear, blessing will be bestowed [upon them in their sale; but if they conceal and lie” (4)] “the blessing of their sale will be erased” (5).)

And He, exalted, says:

{O you who believe, stand firm for Allah as witnesses in justice, and do not let hatred for a people induce you to act unjustly. Be just; that is nearer to piety.}

[Surah al-Mā’idah: 8].

(1) N and M read: “Allah’s testimony.” (2) A reads *wa-al-lāʾī* (“and those women who”), an evident corruption. (3) “The Prophet” is an addition in M. (4) M reads: “but if they lie and conceal [the truth].” (5) The hadith narrated by Hakīm ibn Hizām (may Allah be pleased with him) appears in numerous places in al-Bukhārī and Muslim. See, for example, al-Bukhārī, 3/58 (*Book of Sales*, “Chapter: When the Buyer and Seller Make Matters Clear and Conceal Nothing”), and 3/64 (*Book of Sales*, “Chapter: The Buyer and Seller Retain the Right of Option Until They Part”); Muslim, 3/1164 (*Book of Sales*, “Chapter: Truthfulness and Disclosure in Sales”). Reports conveying the same meaning are also narrated from him and other Companions (may Allah be pleased with them all) in the *Sunan* of Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Mājah, and in the *Musnad* of Ahmad.

لِلَّهِ (١) ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا وَإِنْ تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا} [سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ: ١٣٥] ، وَاللَّيُّ (٢) هُوَ تَغْيِيرُ الشَّهَادَةِ، [وَالْإِعْرَاضُ كِتْمَانُهَا. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى] قَدْ أَمَرَ بِالصِّدْقِ، وَالْبَيَانِ، وَنَهَى عَنِ الْكَذِبِ، وَالْكِتْمَانِ فِيمَا يُحْتَاجُ [إِلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ، وَإِظْهَارِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ: النَّبِيُّ] (٣) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّفَقِ عَلَيْهِ: ( «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، فَإِنْ صَدَقَا، وَبَيَّنَا بُورِكَ [لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا، وَإِنْ كَتَمَا، وَكَذَّبَا» (٤) ] «مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بَيْعِهِمَا» (٥) .) . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٨] .

(١) ن، م: شَهَادَةِ اللَّهِ. (٢) أ: وَاللَّائِي، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ ظَاهِرٌ. (٣) النَّبِيُّ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (م) . (٤) م: وَإِنْ كَذَّبَا وَكَتَمَا. (٥) الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) فِي مَوَاضِعَ عَدِيدَةٍ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ وَمُسْلِمٍ. انْظُرْ مَثَلًا الْبُخَارِيَّ ٣/٥٨ (كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ، بَابُ إِذَا بَيَّنَ الْبَيِّعَانِ وَلَمْ يَكْتُمَا.) ، ٣/٦٤ (كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ، بَابُ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا) ؛ مُسْلِمٌ ٣/١١٦٤ (كِتَابُ الْبُيُوعِ، بَابُ الصِّدْقِ فِي الْبَيْعِ وَالْبَيَانِ) . وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ - رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ - بِمَعْنَاهُ فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيِّ وَالنَّسَائِيِّ وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ وَمُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ.