Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/182)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

regard approval and love as synonymous with will.

The Qadariyya who deny the divine decree then said, “Allah neither loves nor approves of disbelief, iniquity, and acts of disobedience(1), as established by revelation and the consensus of the jurists. He therefore neither wills them nor exercises volition concerning them(2).”

These affirmers said, “He did exercise volition concerning that, as established by revelation and the consensus of the early generations. It follows that He loved, approved of, and willed it.”

Most people, however, distinguish volition and will(3) from love and approval, just as these are distinct in human beings. A person may will to drink medicine and other unpleasant things that he hates and does not love. Conversely, he may love to eat(4) things he craves—such as when a sick person craves something denied to him for health reasons(5), or when a fasting person, despite his thirst, craves cold water yet does not will to drink it(6). It is thus evident that a person may love what he does not will and will what he does not love(7). This is because something may be willed for the sake of something else: a person may will unpleasant things because of the desirable things that result from them(8), and may dislike doing some of what he loves(9) because it leads to something he hates.

Allah Most High has wisdom in all that He creates(10), and He—Glorified is He—loves the God-fearing

(1) (N), (M), and (ʿA) read: “He does not love it and is pleased with it.” (2) (N), (M), and (ʿA) read: “He therefore neither wills it nor exercises volition concerning it.” (3) “And will” is omitted from (A), (B), and (ʿA). (4) (N) reads: “all”; the word is omitted from (M). (5) (A) and (B) read: “the sick person’s craving for water when it is withheld from him”; (N) and (ʿA) read: “the sick person’s craving for what has been withheld from him.” (6) (A) and (B) read: “and does not will to do it.” (7) (N) and (M) read: “what he does not will, and he wills what he does not love.” (8) (N) reads: “as with the desirable things found in their consequences”; (M) reads: “because of the desirable things found in their praiseworthy consequences.” (9) (N) and (M) read: “what he does not love,” which is an error. (10) (N) and (M) read: “a wisdom.”

يَجْعَلُونَ الرِّضَا وَالْمَحَبَّةَ بِمَعْنَى الْإِرَادَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَتِ الْقَدَرِيَّةُ النُّفَاةُ: وَالْكُفْرُ وَالْفُسُوقُ وَالْمَعَاصِي لَا يُحِبُّهَا وَلَا يَرْضَاهَا (١) بِالنَّصِّ وَإِجْمَاعِ الْفُقَهَاءِ، فَلَا يُرِيدُهَا وَلَا يَشَاؤُهَا (٢) . وَقَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُثْبِتَةُ: هُوَ شَاءَ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّصِّ وَإِجْمَاعِ السَّلَفِ، فَيَكُونُ قَدْ أَحَبَّهُ وَرَضِيَهُ وَأَرَادَهُ. وَأَمَّا جُمْهُورُ النَّاسِ فَيُفَرِّقُونَ بَيْنَ الْمَشِيئَةِ وَالْإِرَادَةِ (٣) وَبَيْنَ الْمَحَبَّةِ وَالرِّضَا، كَمَا يُوجَدُ الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي النَّاسِ، فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ قَدْ يُرِيدُ شُرْبَ الدَّوَاءِ وَنَحْوِهِ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ الْكَرِيهَةِ الَّتِي يُبْغِضُهَا وَلَا يُحِبُّهَا، وَيُحِبُّ أَكْلَ (٤) الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي يَشْتَهِيهَا، كَاشْتِهَاءِ الْمَرِيضِ لِمَا حُمِيَ عَنْهُ (٥) ، وَاشْتِهَاءِ الصَّائِمِ الْمَاءَ الْبَارِدَ مَعَ عَطَشِهِ وَلَا يُرِيدُ فِعْلَ ذَلِكَ (٦) ، فَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ يُحِبُّ مَا لَا يُرِيدُهُ وَيُرِيدُ مَا لَا يُحِبُّهُ (٧) ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ قَدْ يُرَادُ لِغَيْرِهِ، فَيُرِيدُ الْأَشْيَاءَ الْمَكْرُوهَةَ لِمَا فِي عَاقِبَتِهَا مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ الْمَحْبُوبَةِ (٨) وَيَكْرَهُ فِعْلَ بَعْضِ مَا يُحِبُّهُ (٩) لِأَنَّهُ يُفْضِي إِلَى مَا يُبْغِضُهُ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ الْحِكْمَةُ (١٠) فِيمَا يَخْلُقُهُ، وَهُوَ سُبْحَانَهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَ

(١) ن، م، ع: لَا يُحِبُّهُ وَيَرْضَاهُ. (٢) ن، م، ع: فَلَا يُرِيدُهُ وَلَا يَشَاؤُهُ. (٣) وَالْإِرَادَةُ سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) ، (ع) . (٤) ن: كُلَّ، وَسَقَطَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ مِنْ (م) . (٥) أ، ب: الْمَرِيضِ الْمَاءَ إِذَا حُمِيَ عَنْهُ، ن، ع: الْمَرِيضِ لِمَا حُمِيَ مِنْهُ. (٦) أ، ب: وَلَا يُرِيدُ فِعْلَهُ. (٧) ن، م: مَا لَا يُرِيدُ وَيُرِيدُ مَا لَا يُحِبُّ. (٨) ن: كَمَا فِي عَاقِبَتِهَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمَحْبُوبَةِ، م: لِمَا فِي عَاقِبَتِهَا الْمَحْمُودَةِ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمَحْبُوبَةِ. (٩) ن، م: مَا لَا يُحِبُّهُ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (١٠) ن، م: حِكْمَةٌ.