What he cited (1) in this account—namely, the statement, “He is too just to wrong His servant and hold him accountable for something he did not do”—is the fundamental doctrine of the Qadariyya, known to their common people and elite alike. It is the foundation and watchword (2) of their school. This is why they called themselves the Adliyya, the People of Justice. Even if attributing this statement to Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar were true, it would confer no distinction [upon him] or praise (3), since even the children of the Qadariyya knew it. How much more so when it is a fabricated lie against him?

It may also be said:

Second, the answer to this classification is that it is not exhaustive (4). This is because the question:

“From whom does the act of disobedience come?”

is an expression