Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/130)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

to thank the former and condemn the latter, because, according to them, both acts proceed from Allah [Most High] (1).”

The response is:

This is false. The fact that both acts share in having been created by the Lord does not entail that they share all other judgments. It is known through clear reason (2) that differing things may have many things in common (3), especially in a matter such as this. Everything apart from Allah shares (4) the fact that Allah created it and that He is its Lord and Sovereign.

It is also known (5) that created things differ from one another in ways beyond the reckoning of any but the Creator. Allah Most High made darkness and light [and said] (6): “The blind and the seeing are not alike, nor are darkness and light” [Surah Fātir: 19, 20]. Allah is the Creator of Paradise and Hell, yet Paradise and Hell are not equal (7). (8 Allah is the Creator of shade and scorching heat, yet shade and scorching heat are not equal (8 - 8) (8) 8). Allah is the Creator of the blind and the seeing, yet the blind and the seeing are not equal. Allah is the Creator of the living and the dead, the capable and the incapable, and the knowledgeable and the ignorant; these are not equal. Allah is the Creator of what benefits and what harms, and of what causes pleasure and what causes pain; these are not equal. Accordingly, since Allah is the Creator of foods

(1) A and B read: “both proceed from Allah”; M: “both proceed from Allah Most High”; K: “both proceed from Allah Most High, not from the two individuals themselves, according to them.” (2) N reads: *tasrīh al-maʿqūl* (“the explicit declaration of reason”); M: *bi-sarīh al-maʿqūl* (“through plain reason”), with *bi-sarīh* written without consonantal dots. (3) A and B read: “many things are shared among them.” (4) N and M read: “shares.” (5) ʿ reads: “And it is known”; M: “Moreover, it is known.” (6) “And said” is an addition in A and B. (7) A, B, M, and N read: “Paradise and Hell.” (8) Omitted from M.

شُكْرُ الْأَوَّلِ وَذَمُّ الثَّانِي، لِأَنَّ الْفِعْلَيْنِ صَادِرَانِ مِنَ اللَّهِ [تَعَالَى] عِنْدَهُمْ (١) ". فَيُقَالُ: هَذَا بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنَّ اشْتِرَاكَ الْفِعْلَيْنِ فِي كَوْنِ الرَّبِّ خَلَقَهُمَا لَا يَسْتَلْزِمُ اشْتِرَاكَهُمَا فِي سَائِرِ الْأَحْكَامِ، فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ بِصَرِيحِ الْعَقْلِ (٢) أَنَّ الْأُمُورَ الْمُخْتَلِفَةَ تَشْتَرِكُ فِي أُمُورٍ كَثِيرَةٍ (٣) لَا سِيَّمَا فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَقَامِ، فَإِنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا سِوَى اللَّهِ مُشْتَرِكٌ (٤) فِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَهُ، وَأَنَّهُ رَبُّهُ وَمَلِيكُهُ. ثُمَّ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ (٥) أَنَّ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ بَيْنَهَا مِنَ الِافْتِرَاقِ مَا لَا يُحْصِيهِ إِلَّا الْخَلَّاقُ، فَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَالنُّورَ، [وَقَالَ] (٦) : {وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ - وَلَا الظُّلُمَاتُ وَلَا النُّورُ} [سُورَةُ فَاطِرٍ: ١٩، ٢٠] وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ، وَلَا تَسْتَوِي الْجَنَّةُ وَ [لَا] النَّارُ (٧) ، (٨ وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ الظِّلِّ وَالْحَرُورِ، وَلَا يَسْتَوِي الظِّلُّ وَلَا الْحَرُورُ (٨ - ٨) (٨) ٨) ، وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرِ وَلَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ، وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ الْحَيِّ وَالْمَيِّتِ، وَالْقَادِرِ وَالْعَاجِزِ، وَالْعَالِمِ وَالْجَاهِلِ، وَلَا يَسْتَوِي هَذَا وَهَذَا، وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ مَا يَنْفَعُ وَمَا يَضُرُّ، وَمَا يُوجِبُ اللَّذَّةَ وَمَا يُوجِبُ الْأَلَمَ، وَلَا يَسْتَوِي هَذَا وَهَذَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّهُ خَالِقُ الْأَطْعِمَةِ

(١) أ، ب: صَادِرَانِ مِنَ اللَّهِ، م: صَادِرَانِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، ك: صَادِرَانِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لَا مِنْهُمَا عِنْدَهُمْ. (٢) ن: تَصْرِيحِ الْمَعْقُولِ ; م: بِصَرِيحِ (غَيْرُ مَنْقُوطَةٍ) الْمَعْقُولِ. (٣) أ، ب: يَشْتَرِكُ فِيهَا أُمُورٌ كَثِيرَةٌ. (٤) ن، م: يَشْتَرِكُ. (٥) ع: وَمِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ، م: ثُمَّ إِنَّ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ. (٦) وَقَالَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٧) أ، ب، م، ن: الْجَنَّةُ وَالنَّارُ. (٨) سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (م) .