Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/128)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

the Qadariyya (1) among those who affirm the divine attributes, in holding that actions do not subsist in the Lord Most High. They say (2), “The act is identical to the object acted upon, and creation is identical to the created thing,” as the Ashariyya and those who agree with them maintain (3). Regarding the Lord’s act (4), they are therefore subject to the same consequence as the Qadariyya.

Hence, most of this Rāfidī’s denunciations (5) are (6) directed against these people. Yet they are but one of the groups (7) that affirm the caliphates of Abū Bakr, Umar, and Uthmān (8), and many of the Zaydī and Imāmī Shia, among others, agree with them on this matter. In any event (9), their position is less erroneous (10) than that of the Qadariyya. Indeed, the root of their error (11) is that they agree with the Qadariyya in part of their error (12).

The leading authorities of Ahl al-Sunna do not espouse any part of this error (13). Likewise, the great majority of Ahl al-Sunna—including the scholars of hadith, jurisprudence, Quranic exegesis, and Sufism—do not accept (14) these erroneous doctrines (15). Rather, they unanimously agree that Allah is the Creator of His servants’ acts, that the servant possesses ability and choice and acts by his own will and ability (16), and that Allah is the Creator of that

(1) A and B read: “Likewise, the position of those who agreed with the Qadariyya.” (2) A, B, N, and M read: “and he said.” (3) A and B read: “as al-Asharī and those who agree with him maintain”; M: “as al-Asharī and those who agree with them maintain.” (4) A and B read: “with regard to the act of censure,” which is a corruption. (5) “The Qadarī.” A, B, N, and M read: “this Qadarī Rāfidī.” (6) “Are” is omitted from ʿ. (7) “Groups” is omitted from A and B; N and M read: “the groups.” (8) ʿ reads: “the caliphates of Abū Bakr and Umar”; A and B: “the caliphates of Abū Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both.” (9) N, M, and ʿ read: “in every case.” (10) ʿ uses the spelling *khatāʾan* (“error”). (11) ʿ reads: “their errors”; A, M, and N: “their error.” (12) ʿ reads: “their errors.” (13) ʿ uses the spelling *al-khatāʾ* (“error”). (14) N and M read: “and the Sufis and scholars of Quranic exegesis do not accept”; A and B: “and scholars of Quranic exegesis and Sufism do not maintain.” (15) ʿ uses the spelling *li-l-khatāʾ* (“for error”). (16) M reads: “by his ability and will.”

الْقَدَرِيَّةَ (١) مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِثْبَاتِ عَلَى أَنَّ الرَّبَّ تَعَالَى لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ الْأَفْعَالُ، وَقَالُوا (٢) : إِنَّ الْفِعْلَ هُوَ الْمَفْعُولُ وَالْخَلْقَ هُوَ الْمَخْلُوقُ، كَمَا تَقُولُهُ الْأَشْعَرِيَّةُ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ (٣) فَإِنَّهُ يَلْزَمُهُ فِي فِعْلِ الرَّبِّ (٤) مَا لَزِمَ الْقَدَرِيَّةَ. وَلِهَذَا عَامَّةُ شَنَاعَاتِ هَذَا الرَّافِضِيِّ (٥) هِيَ (٦) عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ. وَهَؤُلَاءِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ طَوَائِفِ (٧) الْمُثْبِتِينَ لِخِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ (٨) ، وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ الزَّيْدِيَّةِ وَالْإِمَامِيَّةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَقَوْلُهُمْ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ (٩) أَقَلُّ خَطَأً (١٠) مِنْ قَوْلِ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ، بَلْ أَصْلُ خَطَئِهِمْ (١١) مُوَافَقَتُهُمْ لِلْقَدَرِيَّةِ فِي بَعْضِ خَطَئِهِمْ (١٢) ، وَأَئِمَّةُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ لَا يَقُولُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْخَطَأِ (١٣) ، وَكَذَلِكَ جَمَاهِيرُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالتَّفْسِيرِ وَالتَّصَوُّفِ لَا يُقِرُّونَ (١٤) بِهَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالِ الْمُتَضَمِّنَةِ لِلْخَطَأِ (١٥) ، بَلْ هُمْ مُتَّفِقُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَالِقُ أَفْعَالِ الْعِبَادِ، وَعَلَى أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ قَادِرٌ مُخْتَارٌ يَفْعَلُ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ (١٦) ، وَاللَّهُ خَالِقُ ذَلِكَ

(١) أ، ب: وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ مَنْ وَافَقَ الْقَدَرِيَّةَ. (٢) أ، ب، ن، م: وَقَالَ. (٣) أ، ب: كَمَا يَقُولُهُ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُ، م: كَمَا يَقُولُهُ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ. (٤) أ، ب: فِي فِعْلِ الذَّمِّ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٥) الْقَدَرِيِّ أ، ب، ن، م: هَذَا الْقَدَرِيِّ الرَّافِضِيِّ. (٦) هِيَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ع) . (٧) طَوَائِفِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) وَفِي (ن) ، (م) : الطَّوَائِفِ. (٨) ع: لِخِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، أ، ب: لِخِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا. (٩) ن، م، ع: بِكُلِّ حَالٍ. (١٠) ع: خَطَاءً. (١١) ع: خَطَايَهُمْ، أ، م، ن: خَطَأَهُمْ. (١٢) ع: خَطَايَهُمْ. (١٣) ع: الْخَطَاءِ. (١٤) ن، م: وَالصُّوفِيَّةِ وَالتَّفْسِيرِ لَا يُقِرُّونَ أ، ب: وَالتَّفْسِيرِ وَالتَّصَوُّفِ لَا يَقُولُونَ. (١٥) ع: لِلْخَطَاءِ. (١٦) م: بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَمَشِيئَتِهِ.