Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

I was created?’

He replied, ‘Forty years.’ (1)

He then said, ‘Thus Adam prevailed over Moses; thus Adam prevailed over Moses.’” (2)

Various groups supposed (3) that this hadith meant that Adam invoked divine decree to excuse his sin and thereby prevailed over Moses. One faction among them, who claim spiritual realization and gnosis, invoke divine decree to excuse sins, citing this hadith as evidence. Another group says that appealing to divine decree in this manner is permissible (4) in the Hereafter, but not in this world. [Another group says that it is a valid argument for the elite who witness the divine decree, but not for the common people] (5). Another group declared this hadith false (6), such as al-Jubbā’ī and others, while yet another gave it unsound interpretations (7), such as the claim of some that Adam prevailed over him only because he had

(1) B reads: “How long do you find that the following had been written therein: ‘Then Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray’?” He replied, “Forty years before He created you.” A reads: “How long before He created you do you find that the following had been written therein: ‘Then Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray’?”—“Forty years.” Ayn reads: “How long before I was created do you find that the following is written therein: ‘And Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray’?”—“Forty years.” N and M read: “How long before I was created do you find that the following had been written therein: ‘And Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray’?” He replied, “Forty years.” The reading adopted in the text is perhaps the correct one. (2) The hadith from Abū Hurayra, may Allah be pleased with him, is found in al-Bukhārī, 9/148 (*Kitāb al-Tawhīd*, chapter “Allah Spoke Directly to Moses”); Muslim, 4/2042–2044 (*Kitāb al-Qadar*, chapter on the Debate between Adam and Moses); *Sunan Ibn Mājah*, 1/31–32 (Introduction, chapter on Divine Decree); and *al-Musnad*, al-Maʿārif ed., vol. 13, p. 177, and vol. 14, pp. 23, 56, 245. The hadith is also narrated from Abū Hurayra and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4/311–312 (*Kitāb al-Sunna*, chapter on Divine Decree). (3) The word “therein” is absent from B and A. (4) B reads: “Using it as evidence is permissible”; A: “Using it as evidence is widespread”; N: “Invoking it as an argument is permissible”; M: “Such argumentation is permissible.” (5) The text between square brackets is absent from M and N. (6) M and N read: “Another group declared it false”; Ayn: “Another group declared this hadith false.” (7) B and A read: “an unsound interpretation.” Mustajā Zāda copied into the margin of Ayn the words of Ibn Taymiyya beginning with the phrase “Another group declared this hadith false” and ending at this point. He then commented: “I say: Such is the habitual practice of the Qadariyya. Whenever a hadith contradicts the principles they have invented, they reject it and deny that it was transmitted—even if it is one upon which the two shaykhs, al-Bukhārī and Muslim, agreed—or else they reinterpret it. This all stems from their giving rational proofs precedence over transmitted proofs. May Allah Most High reward the efforts of the adherents of truth, support them, and grant them victory, for they do not reject a hadith authentically reported from the Messenger who brought the Sacred Law merely because their minds deem it implausible, even when it conflicts with their reasoning and analogical deductions—except for those among the Māturīdīs who depart from this. As for the Asharīs and Hanbalīs, the warp and weft of their approach is to accept the hadiths transmitted from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah Most High bless him and grant him peace, humbly refraining from denying them even when they conflict with their reasoning and analogical deductions.”
أُخْلَقَ؟ قَالَ: بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً (١) قَالَ: فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى، فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى ".» (٢) . فَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ظَنَّ فِيهِ (٣) طَوَائِفُ أَنَّ آدَمَ احْتَجَّ بِالْقَدَرِ عَلَى الذَّنْبِ، وَأَنَّهُ حَجَّ مُوسَى بِذَلِكَ، فَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَدَّعُونَ التَّحْقِيقَ وَالْعِرْفَانَ يَحْتَجُّونَ بِالْقَدَرِ عَلَى الذُّنُوبِ مُسْتَدِلِّينَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَطَائِفَةٌ يَقُولُونَ: الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهَذَا سَائِغٌ (٤) فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، [وَطَائِفَةٌ يَقُولُونَ: هُوَ حُجَّةٌ لِلْخَاصَّةِ الْمُشَاهِدِينَ لِلْقَدَرِ دُونَ الْعَامَّةِ] (٥) ، وَطَائِفَةٌ كَذَّبَتْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ (٦) كَالْجُبَّائِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَطَائِفَةٌ تَأَوَّلَتْهُ تَأْوِيلَاتٍ فَاسِدَةٍ (٧) مِثْلَ قَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ: إِنَّمَا حَجَّهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ
(١) ب: فَكَمْ تَجِدُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوبًا فَعَصَى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى. قَالَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَكَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، أ: فَبِكَمْ تَجِدُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوبًا فَعَصَى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَكَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ; ع: فَبِكَمْ تَجِدُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوبٌ وَعَصَى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ; ن، م: فَكَمْ تَجِدُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوبًا وَعَصَى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ. قَالَ: بِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَلَعَلَّ الصَّوَابَ مَا أَثْبَتَهُ. (٢) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٩/١٤٨ (كِتَابُ التَّوْحِيدِ بَابُ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا) مُسْلِمٍ ٤/٢٠٤٢ - ٢٠٤٤ (كِتَابُ الْقَدَرِ بَابُ حِجَاجِ آدَمَ وَمُوسَى) ، سُنَنَ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ (الْمُقَدِّمَةُ بَابٌ فِي الْقَدَرِ، ١/٣١ - ٣٢ الْمُسْنَدَ ط الْمَعَارِفِ ١٣، ١٧٧، ١٤/٢٣، ٥٦، ٢٤٥، وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَعَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/٣١١، ٣١٢ (كِتَابُ السُّنَّةِ بَابٌ فِي الْقَدَرِ) . (٣) فِيهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) . (٤) ب: الِاسْتِدْلَالُ بِهِ سَائِغٌ، أ: الِاسْتِدْلَالُ بِهِ شَائِعٌ ; ن: الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهِ سَائِغٌ ; م: الِاحْتِجَاجُ سَائِغٌ. (٥) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (م) ، (ن) . (٦) م، ن: وَطَائِفَةٌ كَذَّبَتْ بِهِ ; ع: وَطَائِفَةٌ كَذَّبَتْ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. (٧) ب، أ: تَأْوِيلًا فَاسِدًا، وَنَقَلَ مُسْتَجَى زَادَهْ فِي هَامِشِ (ع) ، كَلَامَ ابْنِ تَيْمِيَّةَ الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ بِعِبَارَةِ ((وَطَائِفَةٌ كَذَّبَتْ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ)) وَيَنْتَهِي عِنْدَ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ قَائِلًا: قُلْتُ: وَذَلِكَ دَأْبُ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ إِذَا وَرَدَ حَدِيثٌ يُخَالِفُ قَوَاعِدَهُمُ الَّتِي اخْتَرَعُوهَا يَرُدُّونَ ذَلِكَ الْحَدِيثَ وَيُنْكِرُونَ وُرُودَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِمَّا اتَّفَقَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّيْخَانِ: الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ، أَوْ يُؤَوِّلُونَهُ. وَمَنْشَأُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ أَنَّ الْأَدِلَّةَ الْعَقْلِيَّةَ مُتَقَدِّمَةٌ عَلَى الْأَدِلَّةِ النَّقْلِيَّةِ، فَشَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى سَعْيَ أَهْلِ الْحَقِّ، وَأَيَّدَهُمْ وَنَصَرَهُمْ حَيْثُ لَا يَرُدُّونَ حَدِيثًا ثَبَتَ عَنْ صَاحِبِ الشَّرْعِ لِاسْتِبْعَادِ عُقُولِهِمُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِلَّا مَا شَذَّ مِنَ الْمَاتُرِيدِيَّةِ، لَكِنَّ الْأَشَاعِرَةَ وَالْحَنَابِلَةَ سُدَاهُمْ وَلُحْمَتُهُمْ قَبُولُ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْوَارِدَةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُخْبِتِينَ عَنْ إِنْكَارِهَا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُخَالِفَةً لِعُقُولِهِمْ وَقِيَاسَاتِهِمْ.

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