Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (3/12)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

the Sālihiyya as well, because they are affiliated (1) with al-Hasan ibn Sālih ibn Hayy, the jurist] (2).

Among these Zaydīs, some follow the position of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah concerning divine decree, while others follow the position of the Qadariyya.

The Second Response:

It may be said: His attribution to the majority of the view that the human agent has no role in bringing about unbelief and acts of disobedience is false. Rather, the majority of those among Ahl al-Sunnah who affirm divine decree (3), across all groups, hold (4): “The human being is truly the agent of his own act (5), and he possesses real power and real capacity. They do not deny the efficacy of natural causes. Rather, they affirm what revelation and reason establish (6): that Allah creates the clouds by means of the winds, sends down water by means of the clouds, and causes vegetation to grow by means of water.

Nor do they say that the powers and natural properties (7) found in created things have no efficacy. Rather, they affirm their efficacy (8) in both word and meaning. Indeed, even the word ‘effect’ occurs (* in a passage such as the words of Allah, Most High: ‘And We record what they have sent ahead and the effects they leave behind.’

(1) ʿA alone reads: “they affiliate themselves.” (2) The passage within square brackets is omitted in N and M. The Butriyya were the followers of Kuthayyir al-Nawwāʾ al-Abtar, and their doctrine agreed with that of the Sālihiyya. On the Butriyya and the Sālihiyya, see: *Firaq al-Shīʿa*, pp. 34–35, 77–78; *Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn*, 1/68–69; *al-Farq bayn al-Firaq*, pp. 24–25; *al-Milal wa-l-Nihal*, 1/142–143; *Nashʾat al-Fikr al-Falsafī*, 2/182–168. (3) ʿA reads: “those who affirm.” (4) ʿA reads: “he says”; N: “she says.” In M, the initial *yāʾ* is undotted. (5) The words “of his own act” are omitted in B and A. (6) A reads: “what it indicates, and reason”; B: “what reason indicates.” (7) B reads: “the powers of natural properties”; A: “the powers, the natural properties.” (8) M reads: “Rather, they say that they have an effect”; N: “Rather, they affirm that they have an effect.”

أَيْضًا الصَّالِحِيَّةَ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ يُنْسَبُونَ (١) إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَيٍّ الْفَقِيهِ] (٢) . وَهَؤُلَاءِ الزَّيْدِيَّةِ فِيهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ فِي الْقَدَرِ عَلَى قَوْلِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ وَفِيهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى قَوْلِ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ. الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي: أَنْ يُقَالَ: نَقْلُهُ عَنِ الْأَكْثَرِ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا تَأْثِيرَ لَهُ فِي الْكُفْرِ وَالْمَعَاصِي نَقْلٌ بَاطِلٌ، بَلْ جُمْهُورُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ الْمُثْبِتَةِ (٣) لِلْقَدَرِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الطَّوَائِفِ يَقُولُونَ (٤) : " إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ فَاعِلٌ لِفِعْلِهِ (٥) حَقِيقَةً، وَأَنَّ لَهُ قُدْرَةً حَقِيقِيَّةً وَاسْتِطَاعَةً حَقِيقِيَّةً، وَهُمْ لَا يُنْكِرُونَ تَأْثِيرَ الْأَسْبَابِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ، بَلْ يُقِرُّونَ بِمَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الشَّرْعُ وَالْعَقْلُ (٦) مِنْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَخْلُقُ السَّحَابَ بِالرِّيَاحِ، وَيُنَزِّلُ الْمَاءَ بِالسَّحَابِ، وَيُنْبِتُ النَّبَاتَ بِالْمَاءِ، وَلَا يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ الْقُوَى وَالطَّبَائِعَ (٧) الْمَوْجُودَةَ فِي الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ لَا تَأْثِيرَ لَهَا، بَلْ يُقِرُّونَ أَنَّ لَهَا تَأْثِيرًا (٨) لَفْظًا وَمَعْنًى، حَتَّى جَاءَ لَفْظُ " الْأَثَرِ " فِي (* مِثْلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَدَّمُوا وَآثَارَهُمْ}

(١) ع فَقَطْ: يَنْتَسِبُونَ. (٢) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) وَالْبُتْرِيَّةُ هُمْ أَصْحَابُ كُثَيْرٍ النِّوَاءِ الْأَبْتَرِ، وَيَتَّفِقُونَ مَعَ الصَّالِحِيَّةِ فِي مَذْهَبِهِمْ، وَانْظُرْ عَنِ الْبُتْرِيَّةِ وَالصَّالِحِيَّةِ: فِرَقَ الشِّيعَةِ ص ٣٤ - ٣٥، ٧٧ - ٧٨ مَقَالَاتِ الْإِسْلَامِيِّينَ ١/٦٨ - ٦٩ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ الْفِرَقِ، ص ٢٤ - ٢٥، الْمِلَلَ وَالنِّحَلَ ١/١٤٢ - ١٤٣ نَشْأَةَ الْفِكْرِ الْفَلْسَفِيِّ ٢/١٨٢ - ١٦٨. (٣) ع: الْمُثْبِتُونَ. (٤) ع: يَقُولُ، ن: تَقُولُ. وَفِي (م) الْيَاءُ غَيْرُ الْمُعْجَمَةِ. (٥) لِفِعْلِهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) . (٦) أ: بِمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، وَالْعَقْلُ: ب: بِمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلُ. (٧) ب: قُوَى الطَّبَائِعِ، أ: الْقُوَى الطَّبَائِعَ. (٨) م: بَلْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ لَهَا أَثَرًا، ن: بَلْ يُقِرُّونَ إِنَّ لَهَا أَثَرًا.