and others. This is not the place for an extensive discussion of these issues. The purpose is merely to point out that what this man has stated is something every rational person knows no Sunni scholar has ever said. Indeed, no one—ignorant or learned—is known to have said it; the falsehood of the attribution to him is manifest.

[Ibn al-Mutahhar’s claim that the Karrāmiyya’s position concerning direction entails origination and dependence upon a direction, and Ibn Taymiyya’s response]

(Chapter)

The Rāfidī author said: (1)

“The Karrāmiyya said: ‘Allah (2) is in a direction above.’ They failed to realize that everything in a direction (3) [is originated] (4) and dependent upon that direction.”

The initial response to him is:

Neither the Karrāmiyya nor anyone else says that He is within an existent direction that encompasses Him (5) or that He depends upon it. Rather, they all agree that Allah Most High is independent (6) of everything other than Him, whether it is called a direction or not (7).

They may indeed say, “He is in a direction,” meaning that He is above the world. This is the position of the Karrāmiyya and others (8), and it is also the position of the Shia’s leading imams and early authorities (9), as