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Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayya, and Ibrāhīm held debates on jurisprudence and its principles with al-Shāfiʿī and others. (1)
In sum, these men were among the most intelligent of people and possessed the keenest minds. If they went astray on one issue, it does not follow that they would also err concerning plainly evident matters that even children recognize.
Likewise, physicians and geometers are among the most intelligent of people, and they possess sound knowledge of medicine and arithmetic. Although some groups among them went astray concerning divine matters, it does not follow that they would also err concerning plainly evident matters of medicine and arithmetic.
(1) *Lisān al-Mīzān* 1/35 states: “Ibrāhīm ibn Ismā'īl ibn Ulayya was a doomed Jahmite who engaged in disputation and maintained that the Quran was created. He died in 218 AH. Al-Bayhaqī relates in *Manāqib al-Shāfi'ī* that al-Shāfi'ī said: ‘I disagree with Ibn Ulayya on everything, even the declaration “There is no deity but Allah.” I say: “There is no deity but Allah, who spoke to Moses,” whereas he says: “There is no deity but Allah, who created speech that Moses heard.” He wrote a book refuting Mālik, to which Abū Ja'far al-Abharī responded with a refutation. Ibn al-Jawzī also dated his death in *al-Muntazam* to 218 AH, stating that he was sixty-seven years old.” See also *al-Nujūm al-Zāhira* 2/228, where he is listed among those who died in 218 AH. Compare Ibn al-Nadīm, *al-Fihrist*, p. 201. See also *Fadl al-I'tizāl wa Tabaqāt al-Mu'tazila*, pp. 75, 80, 267, 316.
إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَلِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مُنَاظَرَاتٌ فِي الْفِقْهِ وَأُصُولِهِ مَعَ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ.
(١)
وَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ فَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ أَذْكِيَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَحَدِّهِمْ أَذْهَانًا، وَإِذَا ضَلُّوا فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ لَمْ يَلْزَمْ أَنْ يَضِلُّوا فِي الْأُمُورِ الظَّاهِرَةِ الَّتِي لَا تَخْفَى عَلَى الصِّبْيَانِ.
وَهَذَا كَمَا أَنَّ الْأَطِبَّاءَ وَأَهْلَ الْهَنْدَسَةِ مِنْ أَذْكِيَاءِ النَّاسِ، وَلَهُمْ عُلُومٌ صَحِيحَةٌ طِبِّيَّةٌ وَحِسَابِيَّةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ضَلَّ مِنْهُمْ طَوَائِفُ فِي الْأُمُورِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ، فَذَلِكَ لَا يَسْتَلْزِمُ أَنْ يَضِلُّوا فِي الْأُمُورِ الْوَاضِحَةِ فِي الطِّبِّ وَالْحِسَابِ.
(١) فِي لِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ١ - ٣٥: " إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ جَهْمِيٌّ هَالِكٌ كَانَ يُنَاظِرُ وَيَقُولُ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، مَاتَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. . وَذَكَرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي مَنَاقِبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَنَا أُخَالِفُ ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى فِي قَوْلِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَإِنِّي أَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الَّذِي كَلَّمَ مُوسَى، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ كَلَامًا سَمِعَهُ مُوسَى. وَلَهُ كِتَابٌ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَى مَالِكٍ نَقَضَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْأَبْهَرَيِّ. . وَأَرَّخَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ وَفَاتَهُ فِي " الْمُنْتَظِمِ " فِي سَنَةِ ١٨. قَالَ: وَهُوَ ابْنُ ٦٧ سَنَةً ". وَانْظُرْ أَيْضًا: النُّجُومَ الزَّاهِرَةِ ٢/٢٢٨. (حَيْثُ ذُكِرَ فِي وَفَيَاتِ سَنَةِ ٢١٨) . وَقَارِنِ الْفِهْرِسْتَ لِابْنِ النَّدِيمِ، ص ٢٠١. وَانْظُرْ فَضْلَ الِاعْتِزَالِ وَطَبَقَاتِ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ، ص ٧٥، ٨٠، ٢٦٧، ٣١٦.