Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

correct (although some philologists have denied this) (1). As for your claim that they say this (2) because a body is composed of individual parts, and that everything which can be pointed to is composite and is therefore called a body, this is a false allegation about them for several reasons:

First: It is known (3), through reliable transmission from them and through extant usage in their speech, that they do not call everything which can be pointed to a body, nor do they call rarefied air a body (4). Rather, they use the term “body” as they use the term “bodily frame.” This is how authorities on their language, such as al-Asma‘ī, Abū Zayd al-Ansārī, and others, transmitted their usage, just as (5) al-Jawharī transmitted it in his al-Sihāh, as did others besides al-Jawharī (6). Thus, in their usage, the term “body” connotes thickness and density, not merely being something that can be pointed to.

Second: They did not mean by this that it was composed of indivisible atoms (7), or of matter and form. Indeed, this never even occurred to them; they meant only density and thickness. As for whether density and thickness result from a multiplicity of indivisible atoms (8), or from the thing’s being intrinsically thick and dense—just as a thing may be hot or cold even though its heat and coldness (9) do not result from its being composed of

(1) The text in parentheses occurs only in MS (Ayn). (2) The word “this” is omitted from MSS (Ba) and (Alif). (3) MSS (Ba) and (Alif) read: “that it is known in several ways…” etc. (4) MS (Ba) alone reads: “a body,” which is an error. (5) The words “just as” are omitted from MSS (Ba) and (Alif). (6) See above, 2/525, nn. 3–4. (7) MS (Ba) alone reads: “single.” (8) MS (Ba) alone reads: “single.” (9) The words “and its coldness” are omitted from MSS (Alif) and (Ba).
صَحِيحٌ، (مَعَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ اللُّغَةِ أَنْكَرُوا هَذَا) (١) . وَأَمَّا دَعْوَاكُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا (٢) لِأَنَّ الْجِسْمَ مُرَكَّبٌ مِنَ الْأَجْزَاءِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ، وَكُلُّ مَا يُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ فَهُوَ مُرَكَّبٌ فَيُسَمُّونَهُ جِسْمًا، فَهَذِهِ دَعْوَى بَاطِلَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ: أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّهُ قَدْ عُلِمَ (٣) بِنَقْلِ الثِّقَاتِ عَنْهُمُ وَالِاسْتِعْمَالِ الْمَوْجُودِ فِي كَلَامِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُسَمُّونَ كُلَّ مَا يُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ جِسْمًا، وَلَا يَقُولُونَ لِلْهَوَاءِ اللَّطِيفِ جِسْمًا، (٤) وَإِنَّمَا يَسْتَعْمِلُونَ لَفْظَ " الْجِسْمِ " كَمَا يَسْتَعْمِلُونَ لَفْظَ الْجَسَدِ، وَهَكَذَا نَقَلَ عَنْهُمْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِلِسَانِهِمْ كَالْأَصْمَعِيِّ وَأَبِي زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا، كَمَا (٥) نَقْلَهُ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ فِي " صِحَاحِهِ " وَغَيْرُ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ، (٦) فَلَفْظُ " الْجِسْمِ " عِنْدَهُمْ يَتَضَمَّنُ مَعْنَى الْغِلَظِ وَالْكَثَافَةِ، لَا مَعْنَى كَوْنِهِ يُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ. الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي: أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقْصِدُوا بِذَلِكَ كَوْنَهُ مُرَكَّبًا مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ (٧) أَوْ مِنَ الْمَادَّةِ وَالصُّورَةِ، بَلْ لَمْ يَخْطُرْ هَذَا بِقُلُوبِهِمْ، بَلْ إِنَّمَا قَصَدُوا مَعْنَى الْكَثَافَةِ وَالْغِلَظِ. وَأَمَّا كَوْنُ الْكَثَافَةِ وَالْغِلَظِ تَكُونُ بِسَبَبِ كَثْرَةِ الْجَوَاهِرِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ، (٨) أَوْ بِسَبَبِ كَوْنِ الشَّيْءِ فِي نَفْسِهِ غَلِيظًا كَثِيفًا، كَمَا يَكُونُ حَارًّا وَبَارِدًا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ حَرَارَتُهُ وَبُرُودَتُهُ (٩) بِسَبَبِ كَوْنِهِ مُرَكَّبًا مِنَ
(١) مَا بَيْنَ الْقَوْسَيْنِ فِي (ع) فَقَطْ. (٢) هَذَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) . (٣) ب، أ: أَنَّهُ قَدْ عُلِمَ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ. . . إِلَخْ. (٤) ب (فَقَطْ) : جِسْمٌ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٥) كَمَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) . (٦) انْظُرْ مَا سَبَقَ ٢/٥٢٥ (ت ٣، ٤) . (٧) ب (فَقَطْ) : الْفَرْدَةِ. (٨) ب (فَقَطْ) : الْفَرْدَةِ. (٩) وَبُرُودَتُهُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .

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