Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (1/111)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

He replied:

“I did not come to sit. I came to relate to you a hadith that I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say. I heard him say:

‘Whoever withdraws his hand from obedience will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with no proof in his favor; and whoever dies with no pledge of allegiance upon his neck dies a death of pre-Islamic ignorance.’”

This was related (1) by [Abdullah] (2) ibn Umar to Abdullah ibn Mutī [ibn al-Aswad] (3) when they cast off obedience to the ruler of their day, Yazīd, despite the injustice on his part. Fighting then broke out between him and them, and he perpetrated reprehensible acts against the people of al-Harra.

It is thus known that this hadith indicates the same as all the forthcoming hadiths: one must not take up arms in rebellion against the rulers of the Muslims, and whoever is not (4) obedient to those in authority dies a death of pre-Islamic ignorance. This is contrary to the position of the Rāfidah, for among all people they are the most opposed to those in authority and the furthest from obeying them, except reluctantly.

We first demand that they establish the authenticity of the report. Then, even supposing it were transmitted by a single person, how could a foundation of faith be established by a report such as this, [which] (5) has no known transmitter? Even if a transmitter were known, he could have erred or lied. Can a foundation of faith be established by anything other than a means that yields certain knowledge?

[The Seventh Point: The Hadith Contains No Proof for the Imamate]

The seventh point:

It may be said:

If this hadith is a statement of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—,

(1) B alone reads: “And this is a hadith related by …” (2) A and B add: “Abd Allāh.” (3) “Ibn al-Aswad” is omitted from N and M. (4) A and B read: “Then if he is not …,” etc. (5) N reads: “this, and no …”; M reads: “this—no …”

فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ آتِكَ لِأَجْلِسَ أَتَيْتُكَ لِأُحَدِّثَكَ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَقُولُهُ. سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: (مَنْ خَلَعَ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا حُجَّةَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ وَلَيْسَ فِي عُنُقِهِ بَيْعَةٌ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً.) » . وَهَذَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ (١) [عَبْدُ اللَّهِ] (٢) بْنُ عُمَرَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُطِيعِ [بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ] (٣) لَمَّا خَلَعُوا طَاعَةَ أَمِيرِ وَقْتِهِمْ يَزِيدَ مَعَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ مَا كَانَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ اقْتَتَلَ هُوَ وَهُمْ، وَفَعَلَ بِأَهْلِ الْحَرَّةِ أُمُورًا مُنْكَرَةً. فَعُلِمَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ دَلَّ عَلَى مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ سَائِرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْآتِيَةِ مِنْ أَنَّهُ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَلَى وُلَاةِ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالسَّيْفِ، وَأَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ (٤) مُطِيعًا لِوُلَاةِ الْأُمُورِ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً، وَهَذَا ضِدُّ قَوْلِ الرَّافِضَةِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ أَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ مُخَالَفَةً لِوُلَاةِ الْأُمُورِ، وَأَبْعَدُ النَّاسِ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِمْ إِلَّا كُرْهًا. وَنَحْنُ نُطَالِبُهُمْ أَوَّلًا بِصِحَّةِ النَّقْلِ، ثُمَّ بِتَقْدِيرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَاقِلُهُ وَاحِدًا، فَكَيْفَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَثْبُتَ أَصْلُ الْإِيمَانِ بِخَبَرٍ مِثْلِ هَذَا [الَّذِي] (٥) لَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ نَاقِلٌ، وَإِنْ عُرِفَ لَهُ نَاقِلٌ أَمْكَنَ خَطَؤُهُ، وَكَذِبُهُ، وَهَلْ يَثْبُتُ أَصْلُ الْإِيمَانِ إِلَّا بِطَرِيقٍ عِلْمِيٍّ. [الوجه السابع لا حجة للإمامة في الحديث] الْوَجْهُ السَّابِعُ: أَنْ يُقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -،.

(١) ب (فَقَطْ) : وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَدَّثَ بِهِ. (٢) عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٣) بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٤) أ، ب: فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ. . . إِلَخْ. (٥) ن: هَذَا وَلَا؛ م: هَذَا لَا.