16
wa-l-Jamāʿa (1), for which they may be reproached (2). Rather, a sect is blameworthy only for what its leading figures (3) and scholars have said, as we have explained regarding the imams of the Shia. Indeed, it is the imams of the Shia who espouse those abhorrent doctrines, as is well known.
[The Term “Assimilationists”]
As for the designation “Assimilationists” (4), there is no doubt that Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāʿa and Ahl al-Hadith—among the followers of Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, Abū Hanīfa, Ahmad, and others—unanimously agree on declaring Allah Most High far above any likeness to creation and [on] condemning (5) the Assimilationists, who liken His attributes to those of His creation (6). They also unanimously agree that nothing whatsoever resembles Allah, whether in His Essence, His attributes, or [in] His actions (7).
(1) (B) and (A) read: “that this belief should be attributed to Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāʿa.”
(2) (N) reads: “they are reproached for this.” Mustajī Zādah wrote the following in the margin of manuscript (ع): “I say: In more than one passage of the tafsīr al-Kashshāf, the designation ‘Hashwiyya’ is applied to Ahl al-Sunnah. Likewise, al-Baydāwī’s tafsīr mentions the Hashwiyya in several places. From the statements of these authorities—namely, the Shia, al-Zamakhsharī, and al-Baydāwī—I have understood that, in their view, anyone who professes the teachings of the Salaf in matters of creed, interprets the texts according to their apparent meanings, and does not divert them from those meanings according to personal opinions—as do the Jahmiyya and those who followed them among the Muʿtazila, the Rāfida, and the later Hanafis and Shāfiʿīs (the original reads: *wa-mutaʾakhkharū*)—is one of the Hashwiyya. Thus, in their view, all the Hanbalis are Hashwiyya. The same applies to Ahl al-Hadith, such as al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh, Sufyān al-Thawrī, Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna, Hammād ibn …, and those hadith imams who follow their path: all of them are Hashwiyya in their view.”
(3) The word “leading figures” is omitted in (A) and (B).
(4) Al-Tahānawī states in *Kashshāf Istilāhāt al-Funūn*: “The term *al-Mushabbiha* (Assimilationists) is an active-participle form derived from *tashbīh* (assimilation). It is applied to one of the major Islamic sects whose adherents likened Allah to created beings and compared Him to temporally originated things. For this reason, we have classified them as a single sect professing assimilation, although they differ in how they do so.” On the Mushabbiha, see also *al-Milal wa-l-Nihal*, vol. 1, pp. 95–99; *Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmiyya*, entry “al-Tashbīh”; and the preceding discussion, vol. 2, p. 102.
(5) (B) and (A) read: “and condemning”; (N) and (M) read: “and you are,” which is a corruption.
(6) (B), (A), (N), and (M) read: “those who compare His attributes *bihi* (‘by Him’) to the attributes of creation.”
(7) (N) and (M) read: “nor His actions.”
وَالْجَمَاعَةِ
(١)
يُعَابُونَ بِهِ
(٢)
، وَإِنَّمَا الْعَيْبُ فِيمَا قَالَتْهُ رِجَالُ
(٣)
الطَّائِفَةِ وَعُلَمَاؤُهَا، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ عَنْ أَئِمَّةِ الشِّيعَةِ، فَإِنَّ أَئِمَّةَ الشِّيعَةِ هُمُ الْقَائِلُونَ لِلْمَقَالَاتِ الشَّنِيعَةِ، كَمَّا قَدْ عُلِمَ.
[لَفْظُ الْمُشَبِّهَةِ]
وَأَمَّا لَفْظُ
" الْمُشَبِّهَةِ "
(٤)
فَلَا رَيْبَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ وَالْحَدِيثِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَحْمَدَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ مُتَّفِقُونَ عَلَى تَنْزِيهِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَنْ مُمَاثَلَةِ الْخَلْقِ، وَ
[عَلَى]
ذَمِّ
(٥)
الْمُشَبِّهَةِ الَّذِينَ يُشَبِّهُونَ صِفَاتِهِ بِصِفَاتِ خَلْقِهِ
(٦)
، وَمُتَّفِقُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ لَا فِي ذَاتِهِ وَلَا فِي صِفَاتِهِ وَلَا
[فِي]
أَفْعَالِهِ
(٧)
.
(١) ب، أ: أَنْ يُجْعَلَ هَذَا الِاعْتِقَادُ لِأَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ.
(٢) ن: يُعَابُونَ بِهَذَا. وَكَتَبَ مُسْتَجِي زَادَهْ فِي هَامِشِ (ع) مَا يَلِي: " أَقُولُ: وَفِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ الْكَشَّافِ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَعْمِلُ لَفْظَ " الْحَشْوِيَّةِ " فِي أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ، وَكَذَا فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْبَيْضَاوِيِّ يَذْكُرُ الْحَشْوِيَّةَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ، وَفَهِمْتُ أَنَا مِنْ كَلِمَاتِ هَؤُلَاءِ - أَعْنِي الشِّيعَةَ وَالزَّمَخْشَرِيَّ وَالْبَيْضَاوِيَّ - أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِمَقَالَاتِ السَّلَفِ فِي الِاعْتِقَادِيَّاتِ، وَيَحْمِلُونَ النُّصُوصَ عَلَى ظَوَاهِرِهَا، وَلَا يَصْرِفُونَهَا عَنْ ظَوَاهِرِهَا بِآرَائِهِمْ، مِثْلُ الْجَهْمِيَّةِ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ مِنَ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ وَالرَّوَافِضِ وَمُتَأَخِّرِي (بِالْأَصْلِ: وَمُتَأَخَّرُو) الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَالشَّافِعِيَّةِ، فَهُمْ عِنْدَهُمْ حَشْوِيَّةٌ. فَالْحَنَابِلَةُ كُلُّهُمْ عِنْدَهُمْ حَشْوِيَّةٌ، وَكَذَا أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِثْلُ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَمُسْلِمٍ وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ. . . وَمَنْ يَحْذُو حَذْوَهُمْ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ كُلُّهُمْ حَشْوِيَّةٌ عِنْدَهُمْ ".
(٣) رِجَالُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .
(٤) يَقُولُ التَّهَانَوِيُّ فِي " كَشَّافِ اصْطِلَاحَاتِ الْفُنُونِ ": " الْمُشَبِّهَةُ عَلَى صِيغَةِ اسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ مِنَ التَّشْبِيهِ، وَهُوَ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى فِرْقَةٍ مِنْ كِبَارِ الْفِرَقِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ شَبَّهُوا اللَّهَ بِالْمَخْلُوقَاتِ وَمَثَّلُوهُ بِالْحَادِثَاتِ، وَلِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاهُمْ فِرْقَةً وَاحِدَةً قَائِلَةً بِالتَّشْبِيهِ وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي طَرِيقِهِ ". وَانْظُرْ عَنِ الْمُشَبِّهَةِ أَيْضًا مَا وَرَدَ فِي الْمِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ ١/٩٥ - ٩٩ ; دَائِرَةَ الْمَعَارِفِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ، مَادَّةَ " التَّشْبِيهِ " ; وَانْظُرْ أَيْضًا مَا سَبَقَ ٢/١٠٢.
(٥) ب، أ: وَذَمِّ ; ن، م: وَأَنْتُمْ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ.
(٦) ب، أ، ن، م: الَّذِينَ يُمَثِّلُونَ صِفَاتِهِ بِهِ بِصِفَاتِ الْخَلْقِ.
(٧) ن، م: وَلَا أَفْعَالِهِ.