16
Thirteenth (1): Even supposing (2) that the Christians disbelieved by saying, “He is the third of three eternal beings,” those who affirm the divine attributes do not say, “Allah (3) is the ninth of nine eternal beings.” Rather, for them, the name Allah Most High encompasses His attributes; His attributes are not (4) external to what His name denotes. When someone says, “I believe in Allah,” or calls upon Allah, His attributes are included in what His name denotes. Nor do they describe those attributes as being other than Allah. How, then, could they [say that] (5) Allah is the ninth of nine or the third of three?!
The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Whoever swears by other than Allah has committed shirk.” (6) [It is also established in the Sahih that oaths were sworn by Allah’s might (7)] and by Allah’s life (8). It is thus known that swearing by these is not swearing by anything said to be other than Allah.
(1) (B) and (A) read: “Fourteenth,” which is an error.
(2) (Ayn) reads: “maintained,” which is a textual corruption.
(3) (B) and (A) read: “that He is.”
(4) (Ayn) reads: “and His attributes are not.”
(5) The words in square brackets are omitted in (N) and (M). (Ayn) omits *inna* (“that”).
(6) In *al-Musnad* (al-Ma'ārif ed.), 1:298 (no. 329), Ibn Umar is reported as saying, “No, by my father.” The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—then said: “Stop! Whoever swears by anything other than Allah has committed shirk.” Shaykh Ahmad Shākir—may Allah have mercy on him—said: “It was narrated by Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, and al-Hākim. Al-Tirmidhī graded it *hasan* (good), while al-Hākim graded it *sahih* (authentic), and al-Dhahabī concurred with him. In *al-Talkhīs*, al-Hāfiz attributed it to Ibn Hibbān.” The hadith is also reported with the same meaning in the section devoted to Ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with him and his father—in *al-Musnad*, nos. 4904, 5222, 5256, 5346, 5375, 5593, and 6072. The hadith appears with the exact wording cited here by Ibn Taymiyya in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 3:303 (Book of Oaths and Vows, chapter “The Dislike of Swearing by One’s Forefathers”); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 3:45–46 (Book of Vows and Oaths, chapter “The Dislike of Swearing by Other Than Allah”), where al-Tirmidhī said, “This is a *hasan* hadith”; and *al-Musnad* (al-Ma'ārif ed.), no. 6073.
(7) Al-Bukhārī records, from several Companions, hadiths containing oaths by Allah’s might: 8:134–135 (Book of Oaths and Vows, chapter “Swearing by Allah’s Might, His Attributes, and His Words”).
(8) (B) reads: “and by Allah’s life; and yes, by Allah.” In the same book of al-Bukhārī cited above, in the immediately following chapter, 8:135 (chapter “A Man Saying, ‘By Allah’s Life’”), a hadith reports that Usayd ibn Hudayr said to Sa'd ibn Ubāda—may Allah be pleased with them both: “By Allah’s life, we shall surely kill him.” Imam Ahmad also records in his *Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 4:13–14, from Abū Razīn Laqīt ibn Āmir al-Muntafiqī al-Uqaylī—may Allah be pleased with him—a lengthy hadith from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—in which the Prophet swore more than once, saying: “By your God’s life,” and: “By Allah’s life.”
الثَّالِثَ عَشَرَ
(١)
: أَنَّهُ هَبْ
(٢)
أَنَّ النَّصَارَى كَفَرُوا بِقَوْلِهِمْ: إِنَّهُ ثَالِثُ ثَلَاثَةٍ قُدَمَاءَ،
فَالصِّفَاتِيَّةِ لَا تَقُولُ:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ
(٣)
تَاسِعُ تِسْعَةِ قُدَمَاءَ، بَلِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عِنْدَهُمْ يَتَضَمَّنُ صِفَاتِهِ، فَلَيْسَتْ
(٤)
صِفَاتُهُ خَارِجَةً عَنْ مُسَمَّى اسْمِهِ،
بَلْ إِذَا قَالَ الْقَائِلُ:
آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ دَعَوْتُ اللَّهَ كَانَتْ صِفَاتُهُ دَاخِلَةً فِي مُسَمَّى اسْمِهِ، وَهُمْ لَا يُطْلِقُونَ عَلَيْهَا أَنَّهَا غَيْرُ اللَّهِ، فَكَيْفَ
[يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ]
(٥)
اللَّهَ تَاسِعُ تِسْعَةٍ أَوْ ثَالِثُ ثَلَاثَةٍ؟ ! وَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -:
"
«مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ أَشْرَكَ»
"
(٦)
، [وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ الْحَلِفُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ
(٧)
] وَلَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ
(٨)
، فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ الْحَلِفَ بِذَلِكَ لَيْسَ حَلِفًا بِمَا يُقَالُ إِنَّهُ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ.
(١) ب، ا: الرَّابِعَ عَشَرَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ.
(٢) ع: ذَهَبَ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ.
(٣) ب، ا: إِنَّهُ.
(٤) ع: وَلَيْسَتْ.
(٥) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . وَسَقَطَتْ " إِنَّ " مِنْ (ع) .
(٦) فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١/٢٩٨ (رَقْمُ ٣٢٩) عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا وَأَبِي. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " مَهْ، إِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِشَيْءٍ دُونَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ أَشْرَكَ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَد شَاكِر رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَحَسَّنَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ الْحَاكِمُ وَوَافَقَهُ الذَّهَبِيُّ وَنَسَبُهُ الْحَافِظُ فِي التَّلْخِيصِ لِابْنِ حِبَّانَ. وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِمَعْنَاهُ فِي مُسْنَدِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: الْأَرْقَامُ: ٤٩٠٤، ٥٢٢٢، ٥٢٥٦، ٥٣٤٦، ٥٣٧٥، ٥٥٩٣، ٦٠٧٢. وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ بِالنَّصِّ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ هُنَا فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/٣٠٣ (كِتَابُ الْأَيْمَانِ وَالنُّذُورِ، بَابٌ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الْحَلِفِ بِالْآبَاءِ) ; سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٤٥ - ٤٦ (كِتَابُ النُّذُورِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ، بَابٌ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الْحَلِفِ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ) وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ " ; الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) رَقْمُ ٦٠٧٣.
(٧) أَوْرَدَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَحَادِيثَ جَاءَ فِيهَا الْحَلِفُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ ٨/١٣٤ - ١٣٥ (كِتَابُ الْأَيْمَانِ وَالنُّذُورِ، بَابُ الْحَلِفِ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ) .
(٨) ب: وَبِعَمْرِ اللَّهِ ; وَنَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ. وَفِي نَفْسِ الْكِتَابِ السَّابِقِ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ ٨/١٣٥ (بَابُ قَوْلِ الرَّجُلِ لَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ) حَدِيثٌ قَالَ فِيهِ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: " لَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ لَنَقْتُلَنَّهُ ". وَأَوْرَدَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ فِي مَسْنَدِهِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٤/١٣ - ١٤ عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ لَقِيطِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْمُنْتَفِقِ الْعُقَيْلِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدِيثًا مُطَوَّلًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - حَلَفَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَرَّةٍ فَقَالَ: " لَعَمْرُ إِلَهِكَ " " وَلَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ ".