16
Rāhawayh] (1), Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī (2), al-Athram (3), Ibrāhīm al-Harbī (4), al-Bukhārī, Uthmān ibn Sa‘īd al-Dārimī (5), Abū Bakr ibn Khuzayma (6), Muhammad ibn Jarīr al-Tabarī (7), Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Marwazī (8), and others like them, to their own ijtihad and reasoned analysis—for example, by knowing what is authentically established as the Sunnah of the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—and exercising ijtihad to ascertain, refine, and derive the operative causes of legal rulings—is better for them (9) than relying upon what the Rāfidis transmit from the two al-Askarīs and others like them. Indeed, any one of these scholars is certainly more knowledgeable about the religion of Allah and His Messenger than the two al-Askarīs (10) themselves. Even if either of those two were to give one of these scholars a legal opinion,
(1) “Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh” appears only in A. His biography appeared previously, 2/462.
(2) A reads: “Abū Ayyūb al-Sijistānī,” which is a corruption. Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashath ibn Ishāq ibn Bashīr al-Azdī al-Sijistānī, author of *al-Sunan*, was born in 202 and died in 275. See *Tadhkirat al-Huffāz*, 2/591–593; *Wafayāt al-Ayān*, 2/138–140; *Tabaqāt al-Hanābila*, 1/159–163; and *al-Alām*, 3/182.
(3) Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hāni, Abū Bakr al-Athram. His biography appeared previously, 2/364.
(4) Ibrāhīm ibn Ishāq ibn Bashīr, Abū Ishāq al-Harbī, was a hadith master who studied jurisprudence under Imam Ahmad. He was born in 198 and died in 285. See *Tadhkirat al-Huffāz*, 2/584–586; *Tabaqāt al-Hanābila*, 1/86–93; *Fawāt al-Wafayāt*, 1/5–7; al-Dhahabī’s *al-Ibar*, 2; and *al-Alām*, 1/24–25.
(5) His biography appeared previously, 1/423 and 2/364.
(6) Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishāq ibn Khuzayma. His biography appeared previously, 2/365.
(7) His biography appeared previously, 1/122.
(8) His biography appeared previously, 2/104.
(9) A reads *khayran lahum* (“better for them”), which is incorrect, since the correct phrase, *khayrun lahum*, is the predicate of the statement at the beginning of the discussion: “No rational person doubts that the return of someone such as Mālik…” (p. 470).
(10) They are Abū al-Hasan Alī (al-Hādī) ibn Muhammad (al-Jawād), and his son, Abū Muhammad al-Hasan (al-Khālis) ibn Alī (al-Hādī). They were known as the two al-Askarīs, after the city of al-Askar (Sāmarrā). Alī al-Hādī was born in 214 and died in 254. Al-Dhahabī said of him: “He was a jurist, an imam, and a devout worshiper. Al-Mutawakkil once sought a legal opinion from him and granted him four thousand dinars.” See *Wafayāt al-Ayān*, 2/434–435; al-Dhahabī’s *al-Ibar*, 1/6; *Tarīkh Baghdād*, 12/56; *Tarīkh al-Yaqubī*, 2/484, 503; and *al-Alām*, 5/140. Ibn Taymiyya will discuss him later, 2/129–131 (B). As for al-Hasan al-Askarī al-Khālis, he was born in 232 and died in 260. Ibn Hajar said of him: “Ibn al-Jawzī declared him weak in *al-Mawdūāt*.” See *Wafayāt al-Ayān*, 1/372–373; *Lisān al-Mīzān*, 2/240; al-Dhahabī’s *al-Ibar*, 2/20; and *al-Alām*, 2/215–216. Ibn Taymiyya will discuss him later, 2/131 (B).
رَاهَوَيْهِ]
(١)
وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ
(٢)
وَالْأَثْرَمِ
(٣)
وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَرْبِيِّ
(٤)
. وَالْبُخَارِيِّ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيِّ
(٥)
وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ
(٦)
وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ الطَّبَرِيِّ
(٧)
وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ
(٨)
وَغَيْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى اجْتِهَادِهِمْ وَاعْتِبَارِهِمْ مِثْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا سُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الثَّابِتَةَ عَنْهُ وَيَجْتَهِدُوا فِي تَحْقِيقِ مَنَاطِ الْأَحْكَامِ وَتَنْقِيحِهَا وَتَخْرِيجِهَا - خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ
(٩)
مِنْ أَنْ يَتَمَسَّكُوا بِنَقْلِ الرَّوَافِضِ عَنِ الْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ وَأَمْثَالِهِمَا، فَإِنَّ الْوَاحِدَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ لَأَعْلَمُ بِدِينِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ
(١٠)
أَنْفُسِهِمَا، فَلَوْ أَفْتَاهُ أَحَدُهُمَا بِفُتْيَا
(١) إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ: فِي (ع) فَقَطْ. وَسَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ٢/٤٦٢.
(٢) ع: أَبُو أَيُّوبَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَتِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، صَاحِبُ السُّنَنِ، وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ٢٠٢ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٢٧٥. انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: تَذْكِرَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ ٢/٥٩١ - ٥٩٣ ; وَفَيَاتِ الْأَعْيَانِ ٢/١٣٨ - ١٤٠ ; طَبَقَاتِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ ١/١٥٩ - ١٦٣ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ٣/١٨٢.
(٣) أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَثْرَمُ. سَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ٢/٣٦٤.
(٤) إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْحَرْبِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، تَفَقَّهَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ١٩٨ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٢٨٥. انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: تَذْكِرَةِ الْحُفَّاظِ ٢/٥٨٤ - ٥٨٦ ; طَبَقَاتِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ ١/٨٦ - ٩٣ ; فَوَاتِ الْوَفَيَاتِ ١/٥ - ٧ ; الْعِبَرِ لِلذَّهَبِيِّ ٢ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ١/٢٤ - ٢٥
(٥) سَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ١/٤٢٣، ٢/٣٦٤.
(٦) أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ. سَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ٢/٣٦٥.
(٧) سَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ١/١٢٢.
(٨) سَبَقَتْ تَرْجَمَتُهُ ٢/١٠٤.
(٩) ع: خَيْرًا لَهُمْ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ لِأَنَّهَا خَبَرٌ لِقَوْلِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ: وَلَا يَشُكُّ عَاقِلٌ أَنَّ رُجُوعَ مِثْلِ مَالِكٍ. . . إِلَخْ (ص ٤٧٠) .
(١٠) هُمَا: أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيٌّ (الْهَادِي) بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ (الْجَوَادِ) ، وَابْنُهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ (الْخَالِصُ) ابْنُ عَلِيٍّ (الْهَادِي) ، وَعُرِفَا بِالْعَسْكَرِيَّيْنِ نِسْبَةً إِلَى مَدِينَةِ الْعَسْكَرِ (سَامَرَّاءَ) . وُلِدَ عَلِيٌّ الْهَادِي سَنَةَ ٢١٤ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٢٥٤. قَالَ الذَّهَبِيُّ عَنْهُ: " كَانَ فَقِيهًا إِمَامًا مُتَعَبِّدًا اسْتَفْتَاهُ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ مَرَّةً وَوَصَلَهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ ". انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: وَفَيَاتِ الْأَعْيَانِ ٢/٤٣٤ - ٤٣٥ ; الْعِبَرِ لِلذَّهَبِيِّ ١/٦ ; تَارِيخِ بَغْدَادَ ١٢/٥٦ ; تَارِيخِ الْيَعْقُوبِيِّ ٢/٤٨٤، ٥٠٣، الْأَعْلَامِ ٥/١٤٠. وَسَيَتَكَلَّمُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ فِيمَا بَعْدُ ٢/١٢٩ - ١٣١ (ب) . وَأَمَّا الْحَسَنُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ الْخَالِصُ فَقَدْ وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ٢٣٢ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٢٦٠. قَالَ عَنْهُ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ: " ضَعَّفَهُ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ فِي الْمَوْضُوعَاتِ ". انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: وَفَيَاتِ الْأَعْيَانِ ١/٣٧٢ - ٣٧٣ ; لِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ٢/٢٤٠ ; الْعِبَرِ لِلذَّهَبِيِّ ٢/٢٠ ; الْأَعْلَامِ ٢/٢١٥ - ٢١٦. وَسَيَتَكَلَّمُ عَنْهُ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ فِيمَا بَعْدُ ٢/١٣١ (ب) .