and in the terminology of the Sacred Law it is to turn back from disobedience to Allah to obedience to Him.
Its greatest and most obligatory form is repentance from disbelief to faith. Allah the Exalted says, “Say to those who disbelieve: if they desist, they will be forgiven for what has already passed.” ⦗al-Anfal 8:38⦘
Next in rank comes repentance from the major sins, the grave offenses; then, third, repentance from the minor sins.
A person is duty-bound to repent to Allah, glorified and exalted, of every sin.
Repentance, as the author—may Allah have mercy on him—stated, has three conditions, yet a closer examination shows them to be five:
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Sincerity to Allah alone: the penitent’s intention must be the pleasure of Allah—that He relent toward him and overlook the wrongdoing he has committed. He should not be seeking the admiration of people, currying favor with them, or merely avoiding punishment from the authorities or the ruler. Rather, his aim is Allah’s Countenance and the Hereafter, and that Allah pardon his sins.
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Remorse for the sin committed. Feeling genuine regret is the proof of his truthfulness in repenting; he must grieve over what has preceded, be humbled by it, and never regard himself as absolved until he turns back to Allah.
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Ceasing the sin itself, and this is one of the most important conditions. If the sin consists of neglecting a duty, ceasing it means performing that duty. Thus, if someone has failed to pay zakah and now wishes to repent to Allah, he must