and a person will not know where to turn; he will be bewildered, unable to discern any way out. I ask Allah to protect us from trials.
Trials are of two kinds: those that arise from doubtful misconceptions (shubuhāt) and those that arise from illicit desires (shahawāt). Trials of misconception are any temptation founded upon ignorance. They include what the innovators introduced into their creeds that has no basis in Allah’s law, and what other innovators introduced into their words and deeds that the divine law never sanctioned. A person may be tried—Allah’s refuge is sought—and swerve from the truth because of such a misconception.
Another example is found in commercial dealings: matters that are clear to the heart of one who possesses certitude yet appear ambiguous to the heart of the misguided—Allah’s protection is sought. You will see someone engage in a transaction that is plainly prohibited, but because his heart is coated with the rust of sin—may Allah grant us well-being—the affair becomes confused for him, the ugliness of his deed is made attractive to him, and he imagines it to be good. About such people Allah says, “Shall We inform you of those who are the greatest losers in respect of their deeds? Those whose efforts have been wasted in this worldly life while they thought they were doing good.” (Surah al-Kahf 18:103–104). These, then, are the greatest losers—Allah’s refuge is sought.
Trials also arise from carnal desires. A person may know that something is forbidden, yet because his own self urges him toward it he disregards the prohibition and commits the sin. He may know that another act is obligatory, yet his indolent soul calls him to slacken, so he abandons that obligation. This is the trial of desire—a trial of willpower. Among its most grievous forms is the temptation of lust, whether through fornication or sodomy—Allah’s refuge is sought. This is one of the most harmful afflictions to befall this community. The Prophet ﷺ said, “I have not left after me any trial more harmful to men than…"