Most High endowed him with a strength never granted to anyone else. One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led the dawn prayer, then ascended the pulpit and preached to the people until the call to Zuhr was made. He descended, performed the Zuhr prayer, went back up, and continued preaching until the call to ʿAsr. He then came down, prayed ʿAsr, ascended once more, and delivered a sermon until sunset—an entire day, from Fajr until the sun went down, with him ﷺ addressing the congregation. No report mentions that he stepped out to eat or the like; either he was fasting, or he was occupied with something of higher importance. Likewise, nothing is recorded about his performing the regular Sunnah prayers attached to Zuhr, for here he set them aside in favor of what was more pressing: exhorting and teaching the people. When one must choose between offering the regular Sunnah (ratibah) and imparting knowledge, teaching comes first.
He informed us of all that had taken place and all that would occur—meaning, of what Allah had disclosed to him. None knows the unseen except those to whom Allah grants knowledge of it. On that day Allah revealed to him certain past and future matters of the unseen, and he ﷺ conveyed them to us. The one among us who remembered the most is the most knowledgeable; some retained that knowledge and it remained fixed in their minds, while others did not. This narration therefore shows the Prophet’s extraordinary strength, vitality, and zeal to convey the message, standing for a full day to do so.
The second hadith is the report of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her): the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever vows to obey Allah must fulfill that obedience, and whoever vows to disobey Him must not fulfill it.” A vow (nadhar) is when a person obligates himself to perform something for Allah’s sake, such as saying, “I vow to Allah that I shall stand in night prayer, that I shall fast, that I shall perform such-and-such prayer, that I shall recite the Quran, that I shall give charity,” and so on. Vows are either prohibited or, at the very least, disliked; some scholars