from him on the Day of Resurrection any compensation nor ransom. And whoever claims descent from someone other than his father, or affiliates himself with people other than his patrons, is under the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people; on the Day of Resurrection Allah will accept from him neither compensation nor ransom. Agreed upon.

The phrase “the covenant (dhimmah) of the Muslims” means their pledge and guarantee of protection, and “akhfarahu” means he violated that pledge. “Ṣarf” refers to repentance—some say it denotes a gift—whereas “ʿadl” means a ransom.

1805 – Abū Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “No man knowingly claims to belong to someone other than his own father without thereby committing disbelief. Whoever lays claim to something that is not his is not one of us, and let him take his seat in the Fire. And whoever calls another man ‘a disbeliever’ or says, ‘enemy of Allah,’ when he is not so, it rebounds upon the one who uttered it.” Agreed upon; this is the wording of Muslim.

[Commentary]
The author—may Allah have mercy on him—in his book Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, in the chapter “The prohibition of a person attributing himself to other than his father or seeking allegiance with other than his patrons,” mentions two matters, both of which are bonds that knit people together and draw them close to one another. The first is lineage.