—may Allah protect us—this is the darkest of all wrongs: the worst injustice is to set up a rival to Allah while He is the One who created you. Associating others with Allah is the most catastrophic of the deadly sins, and it takes many forms.
One form is to exalt a created being as one exalts the Creator. You see this among certain servants—whether free or enslaved—who venerate their superior, their king, or their minister more than they venerate Allah. Such behavior is grave shirk: to magnify a fellow creature above the Creator. The proof is that when his commander, minister, king, or master tells him, “Do such-and-such” during the time of prayer, he abandons the prayer and obeys, even if the prayer time expires—caring little for it. This shows that the creature’s prestige outweighs, in his eyes, the majesty of the Creator.
Another manifestation is misplaced love: to love someone among the creation as much as—or more than—one loves Allah. You find a person courting another’s favor and seeking his love more earnestly than he seeks the love of Allah. This is common, Allah protect us, among those consumed by illicit passion—whether infatuation with women or with boys. His heart overflows with love for someone other than Allah, surpassing his love for Allah. The Exalted has said: “Yet among people are those who take others apart from Allah as equals; they love them as they should love Allah. But the believers are stronger in their love for Allah” (2:165).
There is yet another, subtler kind of shirk: ostentation. A person stands to pray and embellishes his prayer because someone is watching; he fasts so that people will say, “He is a devout man”; he gives charity so that they will say, “He is generous.” This is pure showmanship. Allah, mighty and exalted, says in the sacred hadith: “I am the One who has no need of partners. Whoever performs a deed in which he associates anyone else with Me, I abandon him and his association.”
Still another, likewise hidden, form of shirk is when worldly concerns seize a person’s very core—his heart and mind—so that you find