has forbidden the Fire to anyone who says, “There is no god but Allah,” seeking thereby the Countenance of Allah. Agreed upon.
ʿItbān is commonly pronounced with a kasrah on the ʿayn—although a ḍammah has also been mentioned—followed by a tāʾ (the letter with two dots above) and then a bāʾ.
al-Dukhshum is read with a ḍammah on the dāl, a sukūn on the khāʾ, and a ḍammah on the dotted shīn.
[Commentary]
Imām an-Nawawī (may Allah have mercy on him) placed this chapter, “The Prohibition of Listening to Backbiting,” in his work Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn. After citing the Qur’anic texts that outlaw backbiting and clarifying its harms, evils, and sins, he followed them with this section to stress that merely listening to backbiting is itself forbidden. In other words, when a person hears someone speak ill of another, it is unlawful for him to listen in silence; rather, he must rebuke the speaker and try to steer the conversation to a different topic. Doing so brings great reward, as indicated in the ḥadīth of Abū al-Dardāʾ.
Should the backbiter insist on continuing, the listener is obliged to leave the gathering, for Allah the Exalted says: “It has already been revealed to you in the Book that when you hear Allah’s revelations being denied and ridiculed, do not sit with them until they engage in some other conversation; otherwise, you would indeed be like them.” This shows that anyone who listens to something forbidden shares the sin of the one committing it; therefore, he must stand up and depart. An-Nawawī then cites several verses that command turning away from frivolous talk, for idle talk (laghw)