the ḥadith states: “Whoever interprets the Qur’an on the basis of his own opinion, let him prepare his seat in the Fire.” It is not permissible for anyone to expound a verse from Allah’s Book while ignorant of its meaning, relying only on supposition and guesswork. The matter is perilous: the moment you attach a particular meaning to a verse you are, in effect, testifying that Allah intended that meaning. This is a grave risk.
Therefore a person must take great care and avoid rushing into matters about which he has no knowledge, especially when they concern legal rulings—though the same caution applies elsewhere, and the danger there is even greater. Allah the Exalted has coupled speaking about Him without knowledge with polytheism itself. He says: “My Lord has only forbidden indecencies, both open and hidden; sin; wrongful aggression without right; that you associate with Allah that for which He sent down no authority; and that you say about Allah what you do not know” (Q 7:33).
Likewise, pursuing matters about human beings without knowledge is forbidden. If you repeat that someone said such-and-such when he did not, you have transgressed—even if people tell you, “He said so.” Do not rely on hearsay until you are certain, particularly when talk spreads widely among the public, for once gossip proliferates people turn a grain into a hill and spin many words out of a single remark, showing no restraint in transmission. Thus a person may hear something and then attribute it to another—or to you—when it is completely false. Once the din of chatter prevails, people follow their whims—Allah’s refuge is sought—and they speak without knowledge.
The author then cited the third verse: “We certainly created man, and We know what his soul whispers within him; We are nearer to him than his jugular vein—when the two receivers receive, seated to the right and to the left; not a word does he utter but that with him is a vigilant recorder” (Q 50:16–18). The compiler quoted only this third verse; had he included the entire passage, it would have