Book of Iʿtikāf
1268 – Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe iʿtikāf during the last ten nights of Ramadan.” Agreed upon.
1269 – ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet ﷺ would observe iʿtikāf during the last ten nights of Ramadan until Allah took him in death; after that, his wives observed iʿtikāf in his stead. Agreed upon.
1270 – Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Prophet ﷺ would observe iʿtikāf every Ramadan for ten days, but in the year he was taken he observed iʿtikāf for twenty days.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
[Explanation]
The chapter on the virtue of feeding a fasting person is the last topic that al-Nawawī (may Allah have mercy on him) discusses in Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn concerning fasting. One of Allah’s favors to His servants is that He legislated mutual cooperation in righteousness and piety, and providing ifṭār to a fasting person is part of that cooperation. The fasting person is commanded to break the fast and to hasten in doing so; therefore, aiding him in this is a blessing from Allah. For this reason the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever provides ifṭār for a fasting person will receive a reward equal to his, without the fasting person’s reward being diminished in the least.”
Scholars have differed about the meaning of “provides ifṭār.” Some hold that it refers to giving the fasting person the minimum with which to break his fast, even if it is only a single date. Others say that it means to satisfy him fully, for that is what benefits him throughout the night and may spare him from needing suḥūr. Yet the apparent sense of the ḥadīth is that if someone gives a fasting person even one date with which to break his fast, he gains a reward equal to the fasting person’s reward.
Accordingly, a person should be eager to offer ifṭār to fasting people as much as he is able, especially when they are poor or in need, or when they have no one to prepare their ifṭār, and similar circumstances.
After this, the author (may Allah have mercy on him) introduces the chapter of iʿtikāf.
Iʿtikāf is to remain in the mosque for the worship of Allah. It is prescribed during the last ten days of Ramadan, because the Prophet ﷺ used to observe iʿtikāf during those last ten days; at one point he observed it during the middle ten in search of Laylat al-Qadr, and then he was informed: “It is in the last ten.” Thereafter he confined his iʿtikāf to the last ten nights of Ramadan, and by this we learn that it is not