The Prophet ﷺ likewise indicated Abu Bakr’s precedence when he deputized him for the Hajj—a major leadership in the eyes of the people—and for the congregational prayer, which is a lesser leadership, for the commander of the Hajj leads far more worshippers than the imam of a single mosque. During the Prophet’s final illness, he appointed Abu Bakr as the imam of the mosque, and in the ninth year after the Hijrah he sent him to lead the people in the Hajj.
After the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, the Companions unanimously agreed that the caliph after him would be Abu Bakr. Yet some of the Arabs apostatized—may Allah protect us. Allah had already hinted at this in His words: “Muhammad is only a messenger; messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you then turn back on your heels?” Those who turned back withheld the zakah and disbelieved in Allah, so Abu Bakr ⦗Allah be pleased with him⦘ fought them.
ʿUmar engaged him in discussion, saying, “How can you fight the people when the Prophet ﷺ said: I have been commanded to fight the people until they say: There is no god but Allah?” This was all that ʿUmar himself had heard from the Prophet ﷺ. His son, however, had heard the fuller wording: “until they bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer, and pay the zakah.” But ʿUmar narrated only what he had personally heard: “until they say: There is no god but Allah.”
Abu Bakr replied, “By Allah, I will surely fight anyone who separates zakah from prayer; zakah is the rightful due on wealth. By Allah, if they were to withhold from me even a hobble-rope—a rope for a camel—which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would fight them for it.” This displays his firmness—Abu Bakr’s decisiveness ⦗Allah be pleased with him⦘. Although he was generally gentler than ʿUmar, in times of hardship Abu Bakr proved the more resolute.
We cite for you examples, beginning with this one: ʿUmar first thought the people should not be fought, but after consulting Abu Bakr he realized that the truth lay with him, once he saw that Allah had opened Abu Bakr’s heart to undertake the fighting, and he—