With regard to the name “Usayd,” the hamza is pronounced with a ḍamma; and as for “Ḥuḍayr,” its ḥāʾ carries a ḍamma while the ḍād is read with a fatḥa. Allah knows best.

[Commentary]
These two reports—the hadith of ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd and that of Usayd ibn Ḥuḍayr (may Allah be pleased with them both)—are placed by the author under the chapter on patience because they clearly call for it.

Concerning the narration of ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd, he relates that the Prophet ﷺ said, “After I am gone there will be favoritism (atharah).” Atharah means keeping something exclusively for oneself while those who have a right to it are denied their share.

The Messenger ﷺ was telling his Companions that rulers would assume authority over the Muslims, seizing the community’s wealth, disposing of it as they pleased, and withholding from the Muslims what rightfully belongs to them.

Such conduct is both atharah and an injustice on the part of the rulers: they monopolize wealth in which the Muslims have a rightful claim and reserve it for themselves alone. The Companions therefore asked, “What do you command us to do?”

He replied, “Discharge the rights that are upon you,” meaning: do not allow their withholding of wealth to make you neglect what you owe them—hearing and obeying, avoiding provocation, and refraining from causing disorder. Instead, be patient, listen and obey, and do not contest the authority Allah has granted them. “And ask Allah for the rights that are due to you,” that is, seek your rights from Allah—pray that He guide them so they will give you the rights they owe you. This reflects the Prophet’s ﷺ wisdom, for he knew that people’s souls