Sharḥ Riyāḍ al-ṢāliḥīnIbn al-'Uthaymin

then Satan whispered to them, seeking to reveal to them what had been concealed of their nakedness. He said, “Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree lest you become angels or become immortal.” And he swore to them, “I am indeed a sincere adviser to you.” Thus he led them on through deception; and when they tasted of the tree their nakedness became exposed to them, and they began to fasten together leaves from Paradise over themselves (Qur’an, 7:20-22).

He swore to them that, by eating from this tree, they would gain everlasting life and an imperishable kingdom. He persisted with them until they finally ate. Allah, exalted is He, had placed a covering of awe over their private parts, but the moment they ate the covering fell and their nakedness became visible—Adam looking at his own, and Eve at hers. Their shame was laid bare because they had violated the sanctity ordained by Allah through eating from the tree. Concerning this Allah said: “Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord and so went astray” (Qur’an, 20:121).

When they had eaten, Allah commanded them to leave the Garden, and they descended to the earth. This, too, was part of Allah’s wisdom: had it not happened, this human race, this created realm, and the entire trial of life would never have come about. Yet Allah, in His wisdom, assigns a cause to everything.

So reflect: how did he come down from the lofty Garden to the lowly earth because of a single sin? What then of us when our sins, night and day, are so many? We ask Allah to deal with us and with you through His pardon. Still, we entertain hopes that are nothing but illusions—we imagine ourselves in the highest ranks while we are weighed down by a multitude of sins, by negligence of our duties, and by the rancor, envy, and hatred that fill our hearts. We ask Allah to accept our repentance and yours, and to purify our hearts and yours.

As for the Paradise from which Adam was made to descend, scholars have disagreed: was it the Garden of Refuge (jannat al-ma’wa), or a magnificent orchard set upon a lofty height with pure air and abundant water? The sound view is that it was the Garden of Eternity. On this Ibn al-Qayyim says:

﴿فوسوس لهما الشيطان ليبدي لهما ما ووري عنهما من سوآتهما وقال ما نهاكما ربكما عن هذه الشجرة إلا أن تكونا ملكين أو & تكونا من الخالدين وقاسمهما إني لكما لمن الناصحين فدلاهما بغرور فلما ذاقا الشجرة بدت لهما سوآتهما وطفقا يخصفان عليهما من ورق الجنة﴾ وأقسم لهما أن يأكلا من هذه الشجرة وأنه بذلك يحصل لهما الخلد والملك الذي لا يبلى، وما زال بهما حتى أكلا من الشجرة، وكان الله تعالى قد وضع على عورتيهما هيبة فلما أكلا من الشجرة بدت لهما سوءاتهما، وصار كل إنسان ينظر إلى عورته، آدم ينظر إلى عورته، وحواء تنظر إلى عورتها، انكشفت لأنهما هتكا حرمة الله ﷿ بأكلهما من الشجرة، وقال الله تعالى عن ذلك: ﴿وعصى آدم ربه فغوى﴾ لما أكلا منها أمرهما الله ﷿ أن يخرجا من الجنة فهبطا إلى الأرض، وهذا من حكمة الله ﷿، لأنه لولا ذلك ما وجدت هذه البشرية وهذه الخليقة وحصل هذا الامتحان، ولكن الله تعالى بحكمته قدر لكل شيء سببا، فانظر كيف نزل من الجنة العالية إلى الأرض الهابطة بمعصية واحدة؟ فما بالك بنا نحن معاصينا كثيرة بالليل والنهار، نسأل الله أن يعاملنا وإياكم بعفوه، ومع ذلك نؤمل أملا ما هو إلا أوهام، نؤمل أننا في الدرجات العليا مع أننا هابطون بكثرة المعاصي والتهاون بالواجبات وما يعتري القلوب من الحقد والبغضاء والكراهية، نسأل الله أن يتوب علينا وعليكم وأن يصحح قلوبنا وقلوبكم. وهذه الجنة التي أهبط منها آدم، اختلف فيها هل هي جنة المأوى أو أنها جنة بستان عظيم على ربوة طيبة الهواء كثيرة الماء؟ والصواب أنها جنة الخلد، وفي هذا يقول ابن القيم:

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