He—meaning Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him—related: “The Prophet ﷺ instructed me in three matters:

1. To fast three days of every month.” He did not designate any specific part of the month, and for that reason ʿĀʾishah said, “The Prophet ﷺ used to fast three days of every month and was unconcerned whether he did so at the beginning, the middle, or the end.”

There is no difference whether these fasts are observed on consecutive days or on separate days; either way the reward is secured. Nevertheless, the best of the three are the “white days” (ayyām al-biḍ): the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth of the lunar month.

2. He ﷺ advised him to offer the two rakʿahs of Duha—two units prayed after the sun has risen a spear’s length above the horizon until just before the zenith.

3. And he told him to perform witr before going to sleep. The Prophet gave this counsel because Abu Hurayrah used to spend the early part of the night studying the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so he would not retire until late and feared he might not rise for prayer in the last portion of the night. Therefore he was instructed to make his witr before sleeping. What concerns us here is the mention of the two rakʿahs of Duha.

The author then cited the hadith of Abu Dharr: each morning, with the rising of the sun, a charity is due from every salama of the human body.

The salama are the limbs—namely, the bones and joints. Earlier scholars, may Allah have mercy on them, stated that the human being possesses three hundred and sixty joints, each of which calls for a daily charity, for it is Allah who has given it life, provided for it, and granted it soundness.