for Muslims to learn that their brother is ill while none of them goes to visit him, for that would be a severing of bonds—indeed, a grievous rupture. The stronger view, therefore, is that visiting the sick is a communal obligation (farḍ kifāyah). In most cases a patient’s relatives and friends fulfill this duty, and thus the obligation is met. However, if we become aware that a stranger in town has fallen ill, is unknown to people, and no one has visited him, then it is binding upon you to visit him, for this is among the mutual rights Muslims owe one another.

When you visit the patient, it is recommended to ask about his condition—“How are you?”—and about his worship: “How do you perform ablution? How do you pray?” Likewise inquire about his dealings: “Do you have claims over others, or do others have claims over you?” If he answers in the affirmative, say to him, “Make a bequest concerning what you owe,” for the Prophet ﷺ said, “No Muslim who has something to bequeath should spend two nights without having his bequest written out.”

Do not badger him with questions, especially if his illness is severe, for he may become agitated and tired. Nor should you prolong your stay, for a sick person is not like one who is healthy—he may quickly feel weary and wish you would leave so that his family can come in, and the like. Yet if you notice that the patient is enjoying your company