remaining with us even after all else departs, as though they were our sole inheritors. The phrase is simply a figure of speech indicating that these faculties persist until death itself.

“And set our vengeance upon those who have wronged us,” meaning: grant that we prevail over the one who oppressed us so that requital is taken from him—whether by afflictions that strike him in this world or in the Hereafter. There is no harm in a person supplicating against his oppressor in proportion to the injustice suffered; doing so is fair, and Allah, exalted is He, responds to the plea of the wronged. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and his family—said to Muʿādh when dispatching him to Yemen and explaining what he should call the people to: “If they respond by giving the charity due from their wealth, then do not take the best of their possessions, and beware the supplication of the oppressed, for between it and Allah there is no veil.”

Allah is the Just Judge who takes revenge for injustices once the oppressed submits his complaint to Him. When the wronged servant raises his grievance to Allah, Allah punishes the oppressor. Yet the supplicant must not exceed the bounds by asking for more than the measure of the wrong, for if he does, he himself becomes the oppressor.

“And grant us victory over those who show us enmity”—and the greatest enemy of all is the one who opposes us in the religion of Allah.