and silver. For that reason the Prophet ﷺ prohibited eating and drinking from them, for they are the vessels of Paradise. He likewise forbade men to wear silk, because silk is destined for the believers in the Garden, and it is unfitting for men to don silk in this world. Women, however, were granted a divine concession to wear silk, in consideration of their own benefit and that of their husbands, so that a wife may adorn herself for her spouse—an advantage for all concerned. Were it not for this, silk would have been unlawful for women just as it is for men, since it is the attire of the people of Paradise.

To summarize, every kind of utensil—whether glass, pottery, wood, stone, or anything else—is originally lawful, even if made from the most expensive metals. All are permissible except those of gold and silver. The rationale is not, as some jurists suggested, arrogance or breaking the hearts of the poor and the like; for if that were the cause, every container that saddened the poor would likewise be forbidden. Rather, the Messenger ﷺ made the reason explicit: “They are for them in this life, and for you in the Hereafter.” This ruling is specific to gold and silver vessels. Were a person to drink from a container fashioned from a metal even rarer than gold or silver, it would not be prohibited—provided it did not reach the level of extravagance. But whoever eats or drinks from gold or silver commits a forbidden act, because the Prophet ﷺ forbade