and tribulations multiply. For this reason we must listen to and obey our rulers, except when they command us to sin. If they order us to disobey Allah, then our Lord and theirs is Allah—His verdict is final—and we do not obey them. Rather, we say to them, “You yourselves are obliged to avoid disobeying Allah, so how can you order us to do so?” Hence, we neither listen nor comply.
We have already stated that the instructions issued by those in authority fall into three categories:
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The first: matters that Allah has already commanded—such as their directing us to perform congregational prayer in the mosques, enjoining good, forbidding evil, and similar acts. These are obligatory for two reasons: first, because they are intrinsically obligatory; and second, because the rulers have commanded them.
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The second: commands that involve disobedience to Allah. It is never permissible for us to obey them in such matters—for instance, if they were to say, “Do not pray in congregation,” “Shave your beards,” “Lower your garments below the ankles,” “Oppress the Muslims by seizing their wealth or beating them,” and the like. Such orders must not be carried out, nor is it lawful for us to comply. Instead, we must advise them, saying, “Fear Allah; this is forbidden. It is not lawful for you to command Allah’s servants to disobey Him.”
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The third: commands that, in and of themselves, are neither mandated nor prohibited by Allah and His Messenger. In these cases we are obliged to obey—such as the administrative regulations they enact that do not contravene the Sacred Law. Our duty is to abide by these regulations and by this threefold classification. When people do so, they will find security, stability, comfort, and tranquility; they will love their rulers, and their rulers will love them.