Another aspect is that he must not favor his relatives over others: you may see a ruler who, when the right is owed by a member of his own family, treats the matter lightly, procrastinating and delaying; yet if that same relative has a claim against someone else, he rushes to seize it for him. Such conduct is not justice. The branches and varieties of justice required of those in authority are many—too many to enumerate here—so we ask Allah to grant the Muslims leaders who are just, leaders who judge them by the Book of Allah and by the law He has chosen for His servants.

The second category is “a young man who grew up in the obedience of Allah.” A youth who is raised upon obedience to Allah and remains steadfast upon it is likewise among those whom Allah will shade with His shade on the Day when there is no shade but His. He has no youthful lapse, whereas most young people experience some infatuation or deviation. If, however, this young man matures in obedience to Allah, with no leaning toward sin and no deviation, and then persists in that state, Allah will surely shade him in His shade on the Day when there is no shade but His.

The third is: “two men who love one another for Allah’s sake, meeting together upon that and parting upon that.” They share no tie of blood or worldly interest; rather, they love each other purely for Allah. Each one sees that his companion is devout, obedient to Allah, and diligent in fulfilling the rights of his family and all who have a claim upon him, and on seeing that, he loves him.

“To meet upon it and part upon it” means that they come together in this world upon that love and remain so until death separates them. These two as well are among those whom Allah will shade in His shade on the Day when there is no shade but His.

The fourth is “a man whose heart is attached to the mosques,” meaning that he finds comfort in, and loves, the prayer.