the courts of kings—Chosroes, Caesar, and the Negus—but I have never seen anyone whose companions revere him as Muhammad is revered by the Companions of Muhammad. May Allah be pleased with them all and reward them on our behalf with the best reward.

The point to note is that standing over a man is permissible and involves no blame when the intention is to protect him or to vex the enemy. If it is done for any other purpose, however, it is disapproved.

Third: When Allah grants a person a blessing, it is part of the sunnah to give some of one’s wealth in charity. The Prophet ﷺ endorsed Kaʿb ibn Mālik’s wish to give away part of his property as repentance to Allah for the tremendous deliverance that had become a source of pride for him until the Day of Resurrection.

Kaʿb ibn Mālik also related that, as an element of his repentance, he resolved never again to utter a lie after Allah had saved him by means of truthfulness; and so it was—he never lied after Allah turned to him in mercy. He became a by-word for honesty, to the extent that Allah revealed about him and his two companions: “O you who believe, be mindful of Allah and be with the truthful” (9:119). The Most High likewise sent down verses declaring His favor upon them in accepting their repentance, beginning with His words: “Allah has turned in mercy to the Prophet, the Emigrants, and the Helpers who followed him in the hour of hardship, after the hearts of a group among them had almost swerved” (9:117). In this verse Allah, glorified and exalted, emphatically confirms His acceptance of the repentance of the Prophet, the Emigrants, and the Helpers, underscoring it with His statement: “Indeed, Allah has turned in mercy….”

As for the Prophet, he is Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the Seal of the Prophets, whose past and future sins Allah has forgiven. The Emigrants are those who left their homelands