vegetables or other items that people usually eat with bread. In the same spirit, if you possess something other than broth—a drink, some leftover milk, or anything comparable—you should make it your practice to share it with your neighbors, for they have a right upon you.

Regarding the reports narrated by Abu Hurayrah, the Prophet ﷺ swore three times, declaring, “By Allah, he does not believe; by Allah, he does not believe; by Allah, he does not believe.” They asked, “Who is that, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “The one whose neighbor is not safe from his harm.” The word “harm” here covers treachery, betrayal, injustice, and aggression. Whoever leaves his neighbor in fear of such offenses is not a believer, and if he actually commits them, his sin is all the more severe.

This hadith is proof that any form of aggression against one’s neighbor is forbidden, whether by word or by deed. Verbal aggression includes exposing the neighbor to anything that disturbs or distresses him—such as turning on the radio, television, or similar devices at a volume that annoys those next door. This is impermissible; even if what is being played is the recitation of the Qur’an, broadcasting it so loudly that it troubles the neighbors is still an act of transgression.

Aggression in deed includes, for instance, throwing rubbish at your neighbor’s doorway, blocking his entry, incessant hammering, or anything else that harms him. The same applies if someone owns a palm tree or any other tree beside his neighbor’s wall and waters it in a way that inconveniences him; this too is among the neighbor’s injuries and is unlawful.

In short, it is strictly forbidden for a person to harm his neighbor in any way. Whoever does so is not counted among the believers in this regard, meaning he has failed to embody the qualities of faith in the matter where he defied the truth.