himself—deliberately humble, inclined to obscurity and eschewing the limelight—for he considers it essential to enjoy standing with Allah, not to be esteemed or magnified among his own people. What matters most in his eyes is to hold a lofty, elevated rank with Allah.
For that reason you will find that the people of the Hereafter are not troubled by whatever of this world escapes them. If some worldly benefit comes their way, they accept it; if it passes them by, they are unmoved. They believe that whatever Allah wills comes to pass and whatever He does not will never happens; that all affairs lie in Allah’s hand; that to reverse what has already occurred is impossible; and that nothing that has befallen can be removed, nor any decree repelled, except through those lawful means that Allah has ordained.
His words, “were he to swear by Allah, Allah would certainly fulfill it,” mean that if such a person were to take an oath, Allah would smooth the matter for him until what he swore about is realized. This happens often: a believer swears, trusting in Allah and hoping for His reward, and Allah fulfills the oath. But the one who swears concerning Allah out of arrogance, as though restricting His mercy, will be forsaken—Allah’s refuge is sought.
Here are two illustrative cases:
- Al-Rubayyiʿ bint al-Naḍr (may Allah be pleased with her), an Anṣārī woman, broke the incisor tooth of another Anṣār girl. The case was brought before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he ruled that al-Rubayyiʿ’s tooth be broken, invoking Allah’s statement: “We ordained for them therein: a life for a life … and a tooth for a tooth” (al-Māʾidah 5:45). Her brother, Anas ibn al-Naḍr, declared, “By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, al-Rubayyiʿ’s tooth shall not be broken.” The Prophet replied, “O Anas, the Book of Allah prescribes retaliation (qiṣāṣ).” Yet Anas insisted, “By Allah, her tooth shall not be broken!”
He swore this—not to reject the ruling of Allah and His Messenger, but because he was doing his utmost