From this account we draw many benefits. One of them is that when a person deliberately kills another and then repents, Allah—exalted be He—accepts that repentance. The evidence is His statement: “Indeed, Allah does not forgive that partners be associated with Him, but He forgives whatever is less than that for whom He wills” (al-Nisāʾ 4:48); in other words, everything short of polytheism may be pardoned if Allah so wills. This is the opinion upheld by the majority of scholars.
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (d. 68 AH) reported, however, that the deliberate killer has no repentance, citing the verse: “Whoever deliberately kills a believer—his recompense is Hell, to remain therein forever; Allah is angry with him, has cursed him, and has prepared for him a tremendous punishment” (al-Nisāʾ 4:93).
Yet the view of the majority is correct, and what is related from Ibn ʿAbbās can be understood to mean that there is no repentance with respect to the slain person himself, because three distinct rights are implicated when someone is killed:
- the right of Allah;
- the right of the victim;
- the right of the victim’s heirs.
As for Allah’s right, there is no doubt that He forgives it when genuine repentance is offered, as He says: “Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah; indeed, Allah forgives all sins…’” (al-Zumar 39:53).
He also says: “And those who do not call upon another deity alongside Allah, nor take a life that Allah has forbidden except with right, nor commit fornication—whoever does that will meet a penalty. The punishment will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection and he will abide therein humiliated—except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous deeds; for such people Allah will exchange their evil deeds for good” (al-Furqān 25:68-70).