and that it is not permissible to fight the rulers when we witness their wrongdoing, for rising up against them would unleash great harm and squander much good. Should the people confront or combat them, it only makes those rulers more tyrannical, for they already see themselves above the populace; open rebellion merely hardens their oppression. The Prophet ﷺ, however, set one condition: “as long as they establish the prayer among you.” This unmistakably indicates that if they cease to uphold the prayer, we are then commanded to fight them.
This ḥadīth further proves that abandoning the prayer is disbelief, because it is only lawful to fight those in authority when we behold unmistakable (kufr bawāḥ) for which we possess clear evidence from Allah. Since the Messenger ﷺ authorised fighting them if they abandon the prayer, abandoning it must constitute blatant disbelief, substantiated by decisive proof.
Hence the sound position is that anyone who totally abandons the prayer—never praying in congregation nor in private—is a disbeliever, expelled from the religion. Nowhere did the Prophet ﷺ state that the one who forsakes the prayer will enter Paradise, or remains a believer, or is safe from the Fire, or anything of that sort.
Therefore, the texts declaring the disbelief of the one who leaves the prayer must be kept upon their apparent, general meaning. The arguments advanced to claim that he is not a disbeliever are of no avail; they fall into five categories:
- Evidence that contains no proof whatsoever.
- Texts restricted by a description that makes abandoning the prayer impossible.
- Texts limited to circumstances in which missing the prayer is excused.
- General texts that are specified by the narrations declaring the disbelief of the one who abandons the prayer.
- Weak reports.