Sharh Usul Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa-al-Jamaah - Al-Lalakai - (7/1308)

Sharh Usul Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa-al-JamaahAl-Lalakai

2318 – Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-ʿAṭṭār informed us, saying: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Muktib narrated to us; he said: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ayyūb narrated to us; he said: Ṣāliḥ ibn Mālik narrated to us; he said: Abū Maʿshar narrated to us, from Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said:

“We were sitting with ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz—may Allah have mercy on him—at Khunāṣira, and with him ⦗1309⦘ were Umayya, ʿAmr ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ, and ʿIrāk ibn Mālik al-Ghifārī. They began to dispute, so ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said: ‘No one is more honored in Allah’s sight than the children of Adam.’

ʿIrāk ibn Mālik replied, ‘No one is more honored before Allah than the angels. Allah says: “Rather, they are honored servants: they do not precede Him in speech, and they act only on His command; He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not intercede except for those He approves, and they stand in awe of Him.” (Qur’an 21:26-27) Iblīs only deceived Adam—peace be upon him—by invoking the angels when he said: “Your Lord has forbidden you this tree only lest you become angels or become immortal.” (Qur’an 7:20) The angels are Allah’s trustees, His messengers, and the keepers of the Abode—of both Paradise and Hell.’

He continued: ‘ʿUmar—may Allah have mercy on him—then said, “And what do you say, Abū Ḥamzah?” I replied, “O Commander of the Believers, Allah created Adam with His own Hand, He commanded His angels to prostrate to him, He raised from his offspring prophets and messengers, and from his offspring He selected those whom the angels visit. Allah says: “And the angels will enter upon them from every gate.” (Qur’an 13:23)

“As for your citation, O Commander of the Believers—‘Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds, they are the best of creatures’ (Qur’an 98:7)—this is not restricted to the children of Adam alone. Allah says: ‘Those who bear the Throne and those around it extol their Lord with praise and believe in Him’ (Qur’an 40:7); the angels believe. And He said in Sūrat al-Jinn: ‘So whoever believes in his Lord need not fear loss or oppression.’ (Qur’an 72:13) Then, addressing all created beings together, He declared: ‘Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds—they are the best of creatures.’ (Qur’an 98:7) Thus they are the finest company among both jinn and humankind.””

٢٣١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارُ، قَالَ: نا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُكْتِبُ، قَالَ: نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، قَالَ: نا صَالِحُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: نا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ، قَالَ: نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ، قَالَ: " كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ﵁ بِخُنَاصِرَةَ، وَعِنْدَهُ ⦗١٣٠٩⦘ أُمَيَّةُ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَعِرَاكُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْغِفَارِيُّ، فَتَمَارَوْا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَكْرَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ، فَقَالَ عِرَاكُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَكْرَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ، لَا يَسْبِقُونَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ، يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى وَهُمْ مِنْ خَشْيَتِهِ مُشْفِقُونَ﴾ [الأنبياء: ٢٧] ، وَمَا خَدَعَ إِبْلِيسُ آدَمَ ﵇ إِلَّا بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا نَهَاكُمَا رَبُّكُمَا عَنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونَا مِنَ الْخَالِدِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٠] ، فَالْمَلَائِكَةُ أُمَنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلُهُ وَخَزَنَةُ الدَّارِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ , قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ﵀: فَمَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ بِيَدِهِ، وَأَمَرَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا لَهُ، وَجَعَلَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ أَنْبِيَاءَ وَرُسُلًا، وَجَعَلَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ مَنْ تَزُورُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ﴾ [الرعد: ٢٣] ، وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ﴾ [البينة: ٧] ، لَيْسَ هَذَا لِبَنِي آدَمَ خَاصَّةً، قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ﴾ [غافر: ٧] ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُؤْمِنُونَ، وَقَالَ فِي سُورَةِ الْجِنِّ: ﴿فَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِرَبِّهِ فَلَا يَخَافُ بَخْسًا وَلَا رَهَقًا﴾ [الجن: ١٣] ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ الْخَلَائِقَ كُلَّهُمْ فَقَالَ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ﴾ [البينة: ٧] ، فَهُمْ خَيْرُ الْمَلَإِ فِي الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ "