A compilation of the reports transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ stating that the sins—even the gravest of them—do not harm the Muslims if they die after repenting without persisting in those sins; and that such sins do not warrant takfīr (declaring someone an unbeliever). Should they die without repentance, their case rests with Allah: if He wills, He punishes them, and if He wills, He forgives them.

Abu Sufyān narrated: I said to Jābir, “Did you ever say to the People of the Qiblah, ‘You are unbelievers’?” He replied, “No.”

Sulaymān al-Yashkurī narrated: “Did you use to regard a sin as shirk (polytheism)?” He said, “No.”

Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn ʿUmar, and Ibn Masʿūd reported that they maintained hope of Allah’s mercy for those guilty of major sins, and that ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib performed the funeral prayer over those slain from Muʿāwiyah’s army.

Abu Umāmah said: “I was present at Ṣiffīn, and the combatants would neither finish off a wounded man, nor pursue one who retreated, nor strip a fallen soldier.”

Abu al-Jawzāʾ said: “In all the knowledge I have sought, the journeys I undertook to the scholars, and the questions I put to the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ, I never heard Allah say about any sin, ‘I do not forgive it.’”

Abu Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn was asked about those who fought in the Battle of the Camel, and he said—