Sharh Usul Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa-al-Jamaah - Al-Lalakai - (4/777)

Sharh Usul Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah wa-al-JamaahAl-Lalakai

1306—Al-Husayn ibn Ahmad informed us, saying: Ali ibn Mahdi informed us by authorization, saying: Muhammad ibn Harun ibn Hafs narrated to us, saying: Isam ibn Mansur al-Razi said: I asked al-Muzani about the meaning of Ibn Masud’s statement: “If it is correct, then it is from Allah; and if it is mistaken, then it is from myself and Satan.”

Al-Muzani said: In my view, this may be because Satan loves it, for he is Allah’s enemy: he loves error and hates what is correct. Thus, he attributed it to Satan because Satan had a part in bringing it about. Allah, Exalted is He, says: “O children of Adam, did I not command you not to worship Satan?” [Yasin: 60] This does not mean that they intended to worship him. Rather, when they committed the sins that Allah had forbidden them, He termed this the worshipping of ⦗778⦘ Satan, because it is characteristic of him. Thus, He attributed it to him—not because they intended to worship, venerate, or exalt him.

Allah, Exalted is He, also says: “They have taken their rabbis and monks as lords besides Allah.” [al-Tawbah: 31] It is said in the exegesis: They did not worship them; rather, whenever they declared something unlawful, they too declared it unlawful, and whenever they declared something lawful, they too declared it lawful. This was not because they took them as lords, but because they obeyed them; thus they were described in this manner.

The companion of Khidr said: “It was none but Satan who made me forget to mention it.” [al-Kahf: 63] He also says: “The Samiri led them astray.” [Ta Ha: 85] And He says: “Say, ‘The Angel of Death, who has been entrusted with you, will take you in death.’” [al-Sajdah: 11] And He says: “Allah takes the souls at the time of their death.” [al-Zumar: 42]

Allah is the Creator of all of this, even though causes may be attributed to those who bring them about. Allah alone is the Creator; there is no creator besides Allah. The actions of servants are created, and no one is able to will anything unless Allah wills. He says: “You do not will unless Allah, Lord of the worlds, wills.”

١٣٠٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ إِجَازَةً، قَالَ: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ، قَالَ: ثنا عِصَامُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّازِيُّ يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ عَنْ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عِنْدَمَا قَالَ: إِنْ يَكُنْ صَوَابًا مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ خَطَأً مِنِّي وَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ. قَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: يَحْتَمِلُ عِنْدِي أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَحَبَّتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ يُحِبُّ الْخَطَأَ وَيَكْرَهُ الصَّوَابَ، فَأَضَافَ إِلَى الشَّيْطَانِ؛ لِأَنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لَهُ فِي تِلْكَ صُنْعٌ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا تَعْبُدُوا الشَّيْطَانَ﴾ [يس: ٦٠] لَا أَنَّهُمُ قَصَدُوهُ بِالْعِبَادَةِ، وَلَكِنْ لَمَّا عَمِلُوا بِالْمَعَاصِي الَّتِي نَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عِبَادَةَ ⦗٧٧٨⦘ الشَّيْطَانِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ، فَأَضَافَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ لَا أَنَّهُمُ قَصَدُوا عِبَادَتَهُ وَلَا إِجْلَالَهُ وَلَا إِعْظَامَهُ، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ﴾ [التوبة: ٣١] قَالَ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ: لَمْ يَعْبُدُوهُمْ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا حَرَّمُوا شَيْئًا حَرَّمُوهُ، وَإِذَا أَحَلُّوا أَحَلُّوهُ لَا أَنَّهُمُ اتَّخَذُوهُمْ أَرْبَابًا، وَلَكِنْ أَطَاعُوهُمْ فَسُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْخَضِرِ: ﴿وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلَّا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ﴾ [الكهف: ٦٣] قَالَ: ﴿وَأَضَلَّهُمُ السَّامِرِّيُّ﴾ [طه: ٨٥] ، وَقَالَ: ﴿قُلْ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ﴾ [السجدة: ١١] ، وَقَالَ: ﴿اللَّهُ يُتَوَفَّى الْأَنْفُسَ حِينَ مَوْتِهَا﴾ [الزمر: ٤٢] ، فَاللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ لِكُلِّ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ أُضِيَفَتِ الْأَسْبَابُ إِلَى مِنْ يَدْعُو إِلَيْهَا، وَاللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ لَا غَيْرُ اللَّهِ، وَأَفْعَالُ الْعِبَادِ مَخْلُوقَةٌ لَا يَقْدِرُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَشَاءَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَقَالَ: ﴿مَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾