Bughyat al-Mutatawwi fi Salat al-TatawwuMuhammad ibn Umar Bazmul

and asked, ‘How should the night prayer be performed?’ He replied, ‘Two rakʿahs at a time. If you fear the approach of dawn, perform Witr with one rakʿah, thereby making what you have already prayed odd-numbered.’” (1)

This narration clarifies that the Prophet’s words, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “two rakʿahs at a time,” explain how the prayer is to be performed, not how many rakʿahs are to be performed. With those words, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not intend to specify a number; rather, he was explaining how the rakʿahs are separated and joined together. Thus, the night prayer is performed two rakʿahs at a time. A hadith is best explained by another hadith. (2)

The third ground is that the Prophet’s words, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, “two rakʿahs at a time,” indicate the manner of performance, not a particular number. The distributive form of the numeral (“two at a time”) simply means: Perform the night prayer two rakʿahs at a time; it is not intended to specify their total number. Understand this well. This is likewise found in the words of Allah Most High: “Marry such women as seem good to you—two, three, or four.” [al-Nisā': 3] (3)

  • (2-4-3) Witr with a Single Rakʿah: Witr may be performed with a single rakʿah. The following evidence supports this:

a) The aforementioned words of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “The night prayer is performed two rakʿahs at a time. If you fear the approach of dawn, perform Witr with one rakʿah.”

b) The aforementioned hadith of Abū Ayyūb, in which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Witr is a duty for every Muslim. Whoever wishes may perform Witr with seven rakʿahs; whoever wishes, with five; whoever wishes, with three; whoever wishes, with one; and whoever is overcome should perform it by gestures.”

c) Ibn Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Witr is a single rakʿah at the end of the night.” Recorded by Muslim. (4)

(1) Al-Bukhārī recorded this narration in the *Book of Prayer*, “Chapter on Forming Circles in the Mosque,” hadith no. 473. (2) *Fath al-Bārī*, 2:478–479. (3) See *Tafsīr al-Zajjāj*, 2:10; *Tafsīr al-Qurtubī*, 5:18; and *Sharh Qatr al-Nadā*, p. 316, concerning the causes of diptosis—the fifth cause. (4) An authentic hadith. Muslim recorded it in the *Book of the Prayer of Travellers and Its Shortening*, “Chapter on Performing the Night Prayer Two Rakʿahs at a Time and Witr as One Rakʿah at the End of the Night,” hadith no. 752.
فقال: كيف صلاة الليل؟ فقال: مثنى مثنى، فإذا خشيت الصبح؛ فأوتر بواحدة؛ توتر لك ما قد صليت" (١) ، وهذه الرواية فيها بيان أن المراد بقوله ﷺ: "مثنى مثنى" بيان كيفية الصلاة لا كمية الصلاة، فلا يريد الرسول ﷺ بقوله ذاك بيان العدد، وإنما الفصل والوصل؛ فصلاة الليل تصلى ركعتين ركعتين، وأولى ما فسر به الحديث من الحديث. (٢) الوجه الثالث: أن قوله ﷺ: " مثنى مثنى": يفيد إرادة الصفة، لا إرادة العدد، إذ العدد المعدول (مثنى مثنى) إنما يعني: صلي صلاة الليل ركعتين ركعتين؛ دون أن يراد بيان العدد؛ فافهم. وهذا كما في قوله تعالى: ﴿فانكحوا ما طاب لكم من النساء مثنى وثلاث ورباع﴾ [النساء:٣] . (٣) - (٢-٤-٣) الوتر بركعة واحدة: يشرع الوتر بركعة واحدة، ومما يدل عليه ما يلي: أ) ما سبق من قوله ﷺ: " صلاة الليل مثنى مثنى، فإذا خشيت الصبح؛ فأوتر بركعة ". ب) ما سبق من حديث أبي أيوب: قال رسول الله ﷺ: " الوتر حق على كل مسلم، فمن شاء؛ أوتر بسبع، ومن شاء؛ أوتر بخمس، ومن شاء بثلاث، ومن شاء؛ أوتر بواحدة، فمن غلب؛ فليومئ إيماء". ج) عن ابن عمر، عن النبي ﷺ: " الوتر ركعة من آخر الليل ". أخرجه مسلم. (٤)
(١) أخرجها: البخاري في (كتاب الصلاة، باب الحلق في المسجد، حديث رقم ٤٧٣) . (٢) "فتح الباري" (٢/٤٧٨-٤٧٩) . (٣) انظر: "تفسير الزجاج" (٢/١٠) ، "تفسير القرطبي" (٥/١٨) ، و "شرح قطر الندى" (ص٣١٦) ، في موانع الصرف – العلة الخامسة. (٤) حديث صحيح. ص٥٦ أخرجه مسلم في (كتاب صلاة المسافرين وقصرها، باب صلاة الليل مثنى مثنى والوتر ركعة من آخر الليل، حديث رقم ٧٥٢) .

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