in some of them while rejecting others, and He declared that such an attitude is disbelief in all of them.
The same principle holds for the scholars and the awliyāʾ (close friends of Allah): loving them and recognizing their worth is obligatory, yet it is unlawful to exaggerate in their regard by assigning to them any portion of the exclusive rights of Allah or His Messenger. Likewise, it is forbidden to treat them with coldness or enmity, for whoever opposes a walī of Allah has provoked Allah to war.
He has commanded moderation in spending and in charitable giving, prohibiting withholding, shortchanging, and miserliness just as He has forbidden extravagance and wastefulness.
He has enjoined strength and courage in word and deed, and has banned cowardice, censuring the faint-hearted and those of weak spirit, just as He has censured the reckless who cast themselves into ruin.
He has commanded—and repeatedly urged—patience in many verses, and has forbidden panic, anxiety, and resentment, just as He has forbidden tyranny, harshness, and lack of mercy.
He has ordered that every right be delivered to its claimant—parents, relatives, companions, and the like—and that they be treated kindly in word and deed. He has condemned those who neglect their due or wrong them by word or action, just as He has condemned those who exaggerate concerning them or others, placing their pleasure above Allah’s pleasure and their obedience above obedience to Allah.
He has instructed us to be moderate in eating, drinking, and dress, and has forbidden excess and luxury, just as He has forbidden harmful abstention that injures heart and body.
In short, every command of Allah occupies a middle course between two blameworthy extremes: negligence and excess. ⦗1⦘