Second Principle: heed the general wording, not the specific occasion
This principle is extremely beneficial. By observing it a servant attains abundant good and ample knowledge; by ignoring it he is deprived of much learning and falls into serious error and confusion.
All leading scholars of legal theory and others agree on this foundation. Whenever you apply the principle properly, you realise that the occasions of revelation reported by the exegetes are cited only as illustrative examples to clarify the wording; the meanings of the words and verses are by no means confined to those instances. Thus their remark, “It was revealed about such-and-such,” simply means that the cited case falls under the verse and forms part of what it intends. For the Quran—as already noted—was sent down to guide the first generation of this community and the last, wherever and whenever they may be.
Allah has commanded us to reflect and ponder over His Book. When we examine its general expressions and grasp that they embrace many matters, why should we exclude some of those meanings when things of the same type and likeness clearly fall within them? (1)
For this reason Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Whenever you hear Allah say, ‘O you who believe,’ give it your full attention, for it is either some good you are being commanded to do or some evil you are being forbidden.”
Accordingly, whenever you encounter a report about Allah’s attributes and names, about the perfection He deserves and the imperfections from which He is exalted, affirm for Him the whole, complete meaning He has affirmed for Himself, and declare Him free of everything from which He has declared Himself free. Likewise, when you come across a report concerning His messengers, His scriptures, the Last Day, or any matter—past or future—hold with absolute certainty, without the slightest doubt, that it is true in its very reality; indeed, it is the highest form of truth.