and the supererogatory works that are themselves traits of God-fearingness.
Likewise His statement, “Indeed, those who are mindful of Allah—when a visitation from Satan touches them, they remember, and then they see clearly” (al-Aʿrāf 7:201). That is: those for whom taqwā is a constant description, whose condition is wakefulness and reflection upon Allah’s ways and signs, and whose hallmark is avoiding the prohibited—whenever Satan adorns some sin for them, confuses their path, or tries to stupefy them with doubts or desires, they recall everything that obliges an immediate return in repentance: reverence for Allah’s majesty, the demands of faith, and the dictates of taqwā. They remember His punishment and retribution; they remember the blemishes and deficiencies that sins create and the perfections they strip away. At once they perceive whence the attack came, and they perceive the course that leads to deliverance from the sin into which they have fallen. They therefore hasten to sincere repentance and return to Allah’s straight path, so they regain their former rank while Satan slinks away, disgraced and repelled.
The same applies to whatever is mentioned in absolute terms about “the believers” or with the phrase, “Indeed, those who believe” (al-Baqarah 2:62 and the like): it comprises everything that must be believed, from fundamental tenets and doctrines to deeds and rulings, even though some verses later restrict this with detail, as in His saying: “Say, ‘We believe in Allah…’” (al-Baqarah 2:136).
Likewise, every command issued in unrestricted form for ṣalāḥ (uprightness) and iṣlāḥ (reform), and every prohibition of fasād (corruption) and ifsād (spreading corruption), encompasses every form of uprightness just as the prohibition encompasses every kind of corruption.
The same holds for His words, “Allah loves those who excel in doing good” (al-Baqarah 2:195); “Do good” (al-Baqarah 2:195); “For those who excel in doing good there is the finest reward” (Yūnus 10:26); and “Is the reward of goodness anything but goodness?” (ar-Raḥmān 55:60). All of these include excellence in worshipping the Creator