Al-Qawaid al-Hisan li-Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Principle Sixty-Five: The Qur’an directs us to forbid even a lawful matter when it leads to neglecting an obligation or committing a sin.

This principle occurs in several places in the Qur’an and lies under the broader maxim, “The means share the ruling of their ends.”(1)

Among its proofs are His words: “Do not revile those whom they invoke beside Allah, lest they revile Allah in hostility, without knowledge” [al-Anʿām 108];
“Let them not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment” [al-Nūr 31];
“Do not be soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is sickness should yearn for you” [al-Aḥzāb 32];
and His saying, Most High: “O you who believe, when the call to prayer is made on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade” [al-Jumuʿah 9].

Permissible matters are therefore judged by the purposes they serve: if they are used as a means to fulfill an obligation or a recommended act, they themselves become commanded; but if they serve as a means to commit what is forbidden or to abandon a duty, they become prohibited. Deeds are governed by both their initial and their ultimate intentions, and Allah alone grants success.

(1) Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen states: “This principle is part of the rule that means take the rulings of their intended ends; that is, whatever serves as a means to something takes the ruling of that thing. Thus, whatever leads to an obligation is itself obligatory, and whatever leads to what is prohibited is itself prohibited.”
القاعدة الخامسة والستون: قد أرشد القرآن إلى المنع من الأمر المباح إذا كان يفضي إلى ترك الواجب، أو فعل محرم وهذه القاعدة وردت في القرآن في مواضع متعددة، وهي من قاعدة: الوسائل لها أحكام المقاصد (١) . فمنها: قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلا تَسُبُّوا الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَيَسُبُّوا اللَّهَ عَدْواً بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ ، [الأنعام: ١٠٨] ،. وقوله: ﴿وَلا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ﴾ ، [النور: ٣١] ،. وقوله: ﴿فَلا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ﴾ ، [الأحزاب: ٣٢] ،. وقوله تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسَعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ﴾ ، [الجمعة: ٩] ،. فالأمور المباحة هي بحسب ما يتوسل بها إليه، فإن توسل بها إلى فعل واجب أو مسنون كانت مأموراً بها. وإن توسل بها إلى فعل محرم أو ترك واجب، كانت محرمة منهياً عنها وإنما الأعمال بالنيات الابتدائية والغائية، والله الموفق.
(١) يقول الشيخ ابن عثيمين: " وهذه القاعدة من قاعدة الوسائل لها أحكام المقاصد يعني ما كان وسيلة إلى شيء فله حكم ذلك الشيء. فالذي يؤدي إلى الواجب يكون واجبا، وما كان يؤدي إلى المحرم كان حراما "

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