and thought that they had been denied, Our help came to them” [Yūsuf 110].
Because this passing influx has no permanence—once the realities are fulfilled it melts away and disappears—one should not reject it or force the verses into interpretations contrary to their obvious meaning.
A further, and even clearer, example is His statement: “We did not send before you any messenger or prophet but that, when he recited, Satan cast into his recitation” (1) [al-Ḥajj 52], meaning that he throws in doubts which clash with certainty.
Allah then explained the wisdom that flows from that insertion, yet the conclusion and the final outcome are that Allah nullifies what Satan casts and makes His verses firm; Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. He has informed us that this happens to all messengers and prophets for the purposes He mentioned. Whoever therefore denies its occurrence, claiming that the messengers are unquestionably infallible and imagining that this contradicts their protection from error, has fallen into a grave mistake. Had such a person understood that incidental matters do not undermine established certainties, he would not have uttered a statement that conflicts with reality and with certain verses, nor would he have sought far-fetched interpretations.
Included here—according to one of the two views held by the exegetes—is Allah’s word about Jonah: “and he thought that We would not constrain him” [al-Anbiyāʾ 87]. This was a notion that crossed his mind for a moment and then vanished, like the transient misgivings that sometimes assail the very root of faith and that the servant loathes as soon as they enter his heart; yet his faith and certainty erase and dispel them. For this reason the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—when his Companions complained to him of such disturbing thoughts, gave them glad tidings, saying, “Praise be to Allah who reduced Satan’s plot to mere whisperings” (2), and he informed them that this is pure faith.
The same applies to the impulses that may arise in a believer’s intentions under the force of desire or anger: even a believer of perfected faith may feel a thought and an inclination to commit certain sins that violate what is obligatory, but then the proof provided by faith, together with the strength of his wholehearted penitence, appears and repels that passing impulse.