a path in between; such people are the real disbelievers.” (al-Nisāʾ 4:150–151)
Thus He declares them disbelievers from every perspective, for their claim to believe in the books and messengers they name does not admit them into the essence of faith. Its fruit is absent: they denied the authenticity of Muhammad’s prophethood—peace and blessings be upon him—and of anyone else they rejected, and they spurned proofs of faith far weightier than those by which they affirmed the mission of whomever they professed to accept.
A similar case is His saying, “Among the people are those who say, ‘We believe in Allah and in the Last Day,’ yet they are not believers.” (al-Baqarah 2:8) Beneficial faith is planted in a heart free from ignorance, doubts, specious arguments, and blind imitation; it is then watered by reflecting on Allah’s universal and Qur’anic signs until it yields, in heart and limbs, the finest fruits of worship and obedience. Such faith unites heart and tongue and brings forth every good. Because the hypocrites utter with their tongues what is not in their hearts, Allah negated faith for them—its benefit and harvest were missing.
Comparable to this is the way the Creator often links many obligations to faith: “And upon Allah let the believers rely.” (Āl ʿImrān 3:122); “So rely upon Allah, if you are believers.” (al-Māʾidah 5:23); “Know that whatever spoils you take, a fifth of it belongs to Allah… if you believe in Allah and in what We sent down to Our servant on the Day of Criterion.” (al-Anfāl 8:41). Likewise: “The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts tremble; when His verses are recited to them, it increases them in faith, and upon their Lord they rely—those who establish prayer and spend out of what We have provided them; such are the true believers indeed.” (al-Anfāl 8:2–4)
Genuine faith therefore demands sound creed, performance of obligatory and required deeds, and avoidance of polytheism and prohibitions. Until these are realised, faith remains incomplete and unrealised; hence His words, “Such are the true believers indeed.”
Likewise, because sacred knowledge requires acting upon it and submitting to the books of Allah